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Kinesolgy > posture > Flashcards

posture Flashcards

1
Q

“Good” Posture

A

A state of muscular and skeletal balance, which protects the supporting structures of the body against injury or progressive deformity.

Position when the least amount of physical activity is required to maintain body position in space and minimizes gravity stresses on body tissues.

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2
Q

“Faulty” Posture

A

Any static position that increases stress to joints and surrounding tissues.

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3
Q

what is Bipedal posture

A

Human Posture

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4
Q

Bipedal posture pros

A

Hands free to perform a variety of tasks
Eyes further from ground – can see further
Improved cooling
Potentially greater endurance?

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5
Q

Bipedal posture cons

A

More narrow base of support
Increased stress to spine and lower limbs
Increased work of respiration and circulation

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6
Q

Ideal Posture Line of gravity falls

A

this is variable =
Through mastoid process
Anterior to shoulder joint
Just anterior to 2nd sacral vertebrae
Posterior to hip
Anterior to knee
Anterior to ankle

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7
Q

does Pelvic angle impact posture

A

yes

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8
Q

“Faulty” Posture may cause

A

May result in repeated, small stresses over long periods of time OR large, abnormal stress over a short period of time

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9
Q

short period of time for bad posture example

A

sitting in the chair poorly

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10
Q

long period of time for bad posture

A

added stress added for long period of time

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11
Q

More serious pathology and bed posture

A

can impact cardiovascular function
E.g. Limited rib cage/lung expansion with scoliosis

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12
Q

what is Postural Control

A

The ability to maintain position against gravity, or make appropriate changes in position regarding external forces acting on the body during movement

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13
Q

Static Control

A

Maintaining adequate posture when we are not moving, or when stabilizing one area so that another can move

Hold a position

relatively little muscle activity

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14
Q

Dynamic Control

A

Making proper adjustments in posture to maintain balance or to promote efficient function while we are moving

Different forces applied to the body and the body is trying to maintain ideal posture

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15
Q

what can provided resistance to movement created by gravity

A

Joint architecture and passive structures

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16
Q

what happens to our posture As our center of gravity shifts

A

our posture changes to keep CoG within out base of support

Large shifts –> Greater contribution of muscle

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17
Q

Postural Control and the NS

A

posture control Requires complex processing of sensory information in the CNS

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18
Q

CNS components

A

Visual
Vestibular (inner ear)
Proprioceptive (muscle/ligament/joint/skin)

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19
Q

vestibular

A

position of head in space

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20
Q

Proprioceptive

A

position of body in space

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21
Q

Forces Involved in Postural Equilibrium External Forces

A

Line of gravity (LOG) – down
Ground reaction force (GRF) – up
Other external loads applied to the body

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22
Q

Forces Involved in Postural Equilibrium Internal Forces

A

counteract external forces

Muscle contraction
Passive tension in ligaments, capsule, tendons, etc.

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23
Q

internal and external forces

A

Must balance external and internal forces to maintain equilibrium

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24
Q

what segment does gravity act on

A

Gravity acts on proximal segment

Distal segment is always stable

25
Q

the action of gravity must be counteracted by

A

by an internal moment

26
Q

Line of Gravity is the primary component

A

Primary component of external moment during static activities for the weightbearing joints

27
Q

Ground Reaction Force is the primary component for

A

external moment during dynamic activities for the weightbearing joints

28
Q

what does GRF act on

A

the distal segment

29
Q

the GFR must be counteracted by what

A

Must be counter by an internal moment

30
Q

two strategies to maintain balance

A

Proactive Strategies (anticipatory)
Reactive Strategies (compensatory)

31
Q

Proactive Strategies (anticipatory):

A

Responses occur in anticipation of internal or external destabilizing forces

32
Q

Reactive Strategies (compensatory):

A

Responses occur as reactions to external displacement of the body’s center of gravity

33
Q

Ankle Strategy

A

Reactive Strategies

Small amplitude sway at ankle, head and hips move in same direction

34
Q

Hip Strategy

A

Large amplitude sway where head and hips move in opposite directions

35
Q

Stepping Strategy

A

Taking a step to widen base of support – used if the head and hip moment is not enough

36
Q

Grasping Strategy

A

Grabbing an external object or surface to widen base of support

37
Q

A postural assessment is a screening for

A

a major deviation! (major issues)

38
Q

Postural Assessment is looking at what views

A

anterior, posterior, and lateral views

39
Q

Anterior View check - what are wee looking at

A

Check symmetry of bony and soft tissue landmarks

Observe and palpate

Check space between arms and trunk

Dominant arm is typically lower

40
Q

Posterior View - looking at

A

Check symmetry of bony and soft tissue landmarks

Observe and palpate

Check space between arms and trunk

Dominant arm is typically lower

41
Q

which view can we look at Scoliosis

A

lateral view

42
Q

what is Scoliosis

A

Lateral curvature of the spine

43
Q

change in the ribs with scoliosis

A

the make a concave and convos side

44
Q

vertebral body and change in the ribs with scoliosis

A

rotation of the vertebral body towards the convexity of the curve

45
Q

in which part of the spine does scoliosis occur

A

lumbar or thoracic or both

46
Q

how is scoliosis named

A

Named for the area in the spine and the side of the convexity
Right thoracic scoliosis

47
Q

types of scoliosis

A

structural and functional

48
Q

Structural scoliosis due to

A

Primarily involves bony deformity

49
Q

Structural scoliosis - congenital (at birth) or acquired

A

congenital (at birth) or acquired

50
Q

Structural scoliosis - neuromuscular or myopathic origin

A

both - neuromuscular or myopathic origin

51
Q

Structural scoliosis - how can we fix this

A

Structural abnormality cannot be changed manually

Spine is growing in this direction

52
Q

Functional scoliosis

A

Compensation for a leg length discrepancy, muscle strength or length imbalance, pelvic obliquity

53
Q

how to repair functional scoliosis

A

Can manually move the spine out of the scoliosis- PT positioning

54
Q

Scoliosis Screening

A

Obvious lateral bending of the trunk
Can palpate curvature of spine
Asymmetrical scapular height
Pelvic tilting and/or rotation
Leg length and arm length discrepancies
Rib hump observed with patient flexed at trunk if thoracic curve is present

55
Q

Cobb Angle

A

Radiographic measurement of spinal curve

56
Q

Cobb - < 20°:

A

monitior for changes

57
Q

Cobb - 20-40°:

A

bracing

58
Q

Cobb: > 40°:

A

Surgical correction and stabilization is considered

59
Q

Lateral View - what are we looking at in assessment

A

Head position
Cervical, thoracic, and lumbar curves
Pelvic tilt
Knee position

Kinesolgy (6 decks)

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