posture

Question 1

“Good” Posture

Answer 1

A state of muscular and skeletal balance, which protects the supporting structures of the body against injury or progressive deformity.

Position when the least amount of physical activity is required to maintain body position in space and minimizes gravity stresses on body tissues.

Question 2

“Faulty” Posture

Answer 2

Any static position that increases stress to joints and surrounding tissues.

Question 3

what is Bipedal posture

Answer 3

Human Posture

Question 4

Bipedal posture pros

Answer 4

Hands free to perform a variety of tasks
Eyes further from ground – can see further
Improved cooling
Potentially greater endurance?

Question 5

Bipedal posture cons

Answer 5

More narrow base of support
Increased stress to spine and lower limbs
Increased work of respiration and circulation

Question 6

Ideal Posture Line of gravity falls

Answer 6

this is variable =
Through mastoid process
Anterior to shoulder joint
Just anterior to 2nd sacral vertebrae
Posterior to hip
Anterior to knee
Anterior to ankle

Question 7

does Pelvic angle impact posture

Answer 7

yes

Question 8

“Faulty” Posture may cause

Answer 8

May result in repeated, small stresses over long periods of time OR large, abnormal stress over a short period of time

Question 9

short period of time for bad posture example

Answer 9

sitting in the chair poorly

Question 10

long period of time for bad posture

Answer 10

added stress added for long period of time

Question 11

More serious pathology and bed posture

Answer 11

can impact cardiovascular function
E.g. Limited rib cage/lung expansion with scoliosis

Question 12

what is Postural Control

Answer 12

The ability to maintain position against gravity, or make appropriate changes in position regarding external forces acting on the body during movement

Question 13

Static Control

Answer 13

Maintaining adequate posture when we are not moving, or when stabilizing one area so that another can move

Hold a position

relatively little muscle activity

Question 14

Dynamic Control

Answer 14

Making proper adjustments in posture to maintain balance or to promote efficient function while we are moving

Different forces applied to the body and the body is trying to maintain ideal posture

Question 15

what can provided resistance to movement created by gravity

Answer 15

Joint architecture and passive structures

Question 16

what happens to our posture As our center of gravity shifts

Answer 16

our posture changes to keep CoG within out base of support

Large shifts –> Greater contribution of muscle

Question 17

Postural Control and the NS

Answer 17

posture control Requires complex processing of sensory information in the CNS

Question 18

CNS components

Answer 18

Visual
Vestibular (inner ear)
Proprioceptive (muscle/ligament/joint/skin)

Question 19

vestibular

Answer 19

position of head in space

Question 20

Proprioceptive

Answer 20

position of body in space

Question 21

Forces Involved in Postural Equilibrium External Forces

Answer 21

Line of gravity (LOG) – down
Ground reaction force (GRF) – up
Other external loads applied to the body

Question 22

Forces Involved in Postural Equilibrium Internal Forces

Answer 22

counteract external forces

Muscle contraction
Passive tension in ligaments, capsule, tendons, etc.

Question 23

internal and external forces

Answer 23

Must balance external and internal forces to maintain equilibrium

Question 24

what segment does gravity act on

Answer 24

Gravity acts on proximal segment

Distal segment is always stable

Question 25

the action of gravity must be counteracted by

Answer 25

by an internal moment

Question 26

Line of Gravity is the primary component

Answer 26

Primary component of external moment during static activities for the weightbearing joints

Question 27

Ground Reaction Force is the primary component for

Answer 27

external moment during dynamic activities for the weightbearing joints

Question 28

what does GRF act on

Answer 28

the distal segment

Question 29

the GFR must be counteracted by what

Answer 29

Must be counter by an internal moment

Question 30

two strategies to maintain balance

Answer 30

Proactive Strategies (anticipatory) Reactive Strategies (compensatory)

Question 31

Proactive Strategies (anticipatory):

Answer 31

Responses occur in anticipation of internal or external destabilizing forces

Question 32

Reactive Strategies (compensatory):

Answer 32

Responses occur as reactions to external displacement of the body’s center of gravity

Question 33

Ankle Strategy

Answer 33

Reactive Strategies Small amplitude sway at ankle, head and hips move in same direction

Question 34

Hip Strategy

Answer 34

Large amplitude sway where head and hips move in opposite directions

Question 35

Stepping Strategy

Answer 35

Taking a step to widen base of support – used if the head and hip moment is not enough

Question 36

Grasping Strategy

Answer 36

Grabbing an external object or surface to widen base of support

Question 37

A postural assessment is a screening for

Answer 37

a major deviation! (major issues)

Question 38

Postural Assessment is looking at what views

Answer 38

anterior, posterior, and lateral views

Question 39

Anterior View check - what are wee looking at

Answer 39

Check symmetry of bony and soft tissue landmarks Observe and palpate Check space between arms and trunk Dominant arm is typically lower

Question 40

Posterior View - looking at

Answer 40

Check symmetry of bony and soft tissue landmarks Observe and palpate Check space between arms and trunk Dominant arm is typically lower

Question 41

which view can we look at Scoliosis

Answer 41

lateral view

Question 42

what is Scoliosis

Answer 42

Lateral curvature of the spine

Question 43

change in the ribs with scoliosis

Answer 43

the make a concave and convos side

Question 44

vertebral body and change in the ribs with scoliosis

Answer 44

rotation of the vertebral body towards the convexity of the curve

Question 45

in which part of the spine does scoliosis occur

Answer 45

lumbar or thoracic or both

Question 46

how is scoliosis named

Answer 46

Named for the area in the spine and the side of the convexity Right thoracic scoliosis

Question 47

types of scoliosis

Answer 47

structural and functional

Question 48

Structural scoliosis due to

Answer 48

Primarily involves bony deformity

Question 49

Structural scoliosis - congenital (at birth) or acquired

Answer 49

congenital (at birth) or acquired

Question 50

Structural scoliosis - neuromuscular or myopathic origin

Answer 50

both - neuromuscular or myopathic origin

Question 51

Structural scoliosis - how can we fix this

Answer 51

Structural abnormality cannot be changed manually Spine is growing in this direction

Question 52

Functional scoliosis

Answer 52

Compensation for a leg length discrepancy, muscle strength or length imbalance, pelvic obliquity

Question 53

how to repair functional scoliosis

Answer 53

Can manually move the spine out of the scoliosis- PT positioning

Question 54

Scoliosis Screening

Answer 54

Obvious lateral bending of the trunk Can palpate curvature of spine Asymmetrical scapular height Pelvic tilting and/or rotation Leg length and arm length discrepancies Rib hump observed with patient flexed at trunk if thoracic curve is present

Question 55

Cobb Angle

Answer 55

Radiographic measurement of spinal curve

Question 56

Cobb - < 20°:

Answer 56

monitior for changes

Question 57

Cobb - 20-40°:

Answer 57

bracing

Question 58

Cobb: > 40°:

Answer 58

Surgical correction and stabilization is considered

Question 59

Lateral View - what are we looking at in assessment

Answer 59

Head position Cervical, thoracic, and lumbar curves Pelvic tilt Knee position