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Kinesolgy > gait > Flashcards

gait Flashcards

1
Q

what is gait

A

The process of moving the body forward, one limb serving as a support, the other advancing forward to a new support site

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2
Q

Gait Cycle (Stride):

A

The sequence of events between initial contacts (heel strikes) of the same limb

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3
Q

step

A

The sequence of events between initial contacts (heel strikes) of opposite limbs
Two steps per gait cycle
There is right step and left step in one stride

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4
Q

Stride Length

A

Distance from heel strike to heel strike of the same limb

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5
Q

Step Length

A

Distance from heel strike of one limb to heel strike of the opposite limb

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6
Q

Step Width

A

Lateral distance from midpoint of one heel to midpoint of the opposite heel

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7
Q

Foot Angle

A

Angle between the line of progression of the body and the long axis of the foot
Amount of “toeing out”

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8
Q

Cadence (Step Rate)

A

of steps per minute

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9
Q

Stride Time (Duration)

A

Time to complete a full stride or gait cycle

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10
Q

Step Time (Duration):

A

Time to complete a right or left step

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11
Q

Gait Speed

A

The distance covered in a given amount of time

Typically expressed in m/sec

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12
Q

how us gait speed measured

A

Record time to cover set distance (e.g. 10-Meter Walk Test [10MWT])

Record distance covered in set amount of time (e.g. 6-Minute Walk Test [6MWT])

Multiply step length by step rate

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13
Q

what is the 6th vital sign

A

gait speed

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14
Q

Greater walking speed can be achieved by

A

Increasing stride length
Increasing cadence

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15
Q

Gait Phases

A

Stance Phase and swing phase

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16
Q

stance phase

A

The foot is on the ground supporting the body’s weight (60% of gait cycle)

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17
Q

swing phase

A

Foot is in the air, being advanced forward for next contact with ground (40% of gait cycle)

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18
Q

During a single gait cycle, the body experiences how many periods of double-limb and single-limb support

A

two periods of double-limb support
two periods of single-limb support

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19
Q

Double-Limb Support

A

Both feet in contact with the ground

Transferring weight from one limb to the other

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20
Q

gait cycle

A

initial contact - initial contact on one limb

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21
Q

Single-Limb Support

A

Only one foot in contact with the ground
Opposite limb is in swing, advancing forward

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22
Q

what happens to double limb time when the gait speed decreases

A

decreases in Double-limb support time

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23
Q

Weight Acceptance

A

stance
Body weight is being transferred from one limb to the other

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24
Q

Single-Limb Support

A

stance
Limb supports body weight as the opposite limb advances forward

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25
Q

Limb Advancement

A

The limb is swung (advanced) forward to initiate the next gait cycle

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26
Q

how many subdivisions are there in the gait cycle

A

8 basic subdivisions of the gait cycle

Each begins and ends with defined event in the gait cycle

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27
Q

Stance Rockers

A

Provide a pivot system for smooth forward advancement over the stance foot

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28
Q

heel rocker

A

loading response

GRF causes ankle PF
Roll over the heel to get the foot to the ground

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29
Q

ankle rocker

A

midstance

Tibia advances over fixed foot → ankle DF

30
Q

Forefoot Rocker

A

terminal stance

Ankle is locked in ≈ 10⁰ of DF
Heel rises

31
Q

toe rocker

A

Big toe acts as foundation for acceleration of swing leg

32
Q

what is Initial Contact (Heel Strike)

A

Instant the foot contacts the ground

Typically, heel first

Begins weight acceptance task and 1st double limb support

33
Q

Initial Contact (Heel Strike) purpose

A

Position the limb to start stance
Prepares limb for loading response

34
Q

how long does initial contact last

A

a moment

35
Q

Loading Response (Foot Flat) starts with

A

Initial contact

36
Q

Loading Response (Foot Flat) ends with

A

Opposite foot leaves ground

Concludes weight acceptance task and 1st double limb stance

37
Q

purpose of Loading Response (Foot Flat)

A

Shock absorption
Weight-bearing stability
Heel rocker
Maintain progression

38
Q

what kind of rocker is loading response

A

Heel rocker

39
Q

Midstance starts with

A

Opposite foot leaves ground

40
Q

MIdstance ends with

A

Bodyweight aligned over forefoot

Occurs around the same time that swing limb is parallel with stance limb

41
Q

purpose of mid stance

A

Progression of body over stance foot

Maintain limb and trunk stability

42
Q

what kind of rocker is mid stance

A

Ankle Rocker

43
Q

Terminal Stance (Heel Off) starts with

A

Bodyweight over forefoot

44
Q

terminal stance ends with

A

Opposite limb makes initial contact with the ground

45
Q

terminal stance purpose

A

2nd half of single limb support

Progression of body beyond stance foot

Maintain limb and trunk stability – to allows the other limb to swing through

46
Q

rocker in terminal stance

A

Forefoot rocker

47
Q

Pre-swing (Toe Off) starts with

A

Initial contact of opposite limb

48
Q

Pre-swing ends with

A

Ipsilateral foot leaves ground

49
Q

pre swing purpose

A

Begins 2nd (terminal) double-limb support and swing limb advancement

Generation of final “push” for forward progression

Transfer of body weight to contralateral side

Position limb for swing

50
Q

pre swing rocker

A

Toe rocker

51
Q

Initial Swing (Acceleration) starts with

A

Ipsilateral foot leaves ground

52
Q

initial swing ends with

A

Feet parallel (adjacent)

53
Q

Purpose of initial swing

A

Foot clearance from floor
Advance limb from trailing position

54
Q

Mid-swing starts with

A

Feet parallel (adjacent)

55
Q

mid swing ends with

A

Feet parallel (adjacent)

56
Q

purpose of mid swing

A

Foot clearance from floor
Continued limb advancement

57
Q

Terminal Swing (Deceleration) starts with

A

Tibia vertical

58
Q

terminal swing ends with

A

Initial contact of the next gait cycle

59
Q

purpose if the terminal swing

A

Complete limb advancement
Prepare the limb for stance

60
Q

External Moments result of

A

from forces outside of our body (ground reaction force, gravity, etc.)

61
Q

internal moments result in

A

How the body counteracts the external moments
May be contractile (muscle-tendon) or non-contractile (ligament)

62
Q

Ground Reaction Force (GRF)

A

Forces applied to the foot by the ground

63
Q

Center of Pressure (COP):

A

Imaginary point of application of the GRF

64
Q

how does COP move During Gait

A

from posterolateral to anteromedial

65
Q

does the center of mass move during gait

A

yes
The center of mass does not stay in one location – it moves as we move forward

66
Q

when does the center of mass peak

A

Peaks during midstance

67
Q

COM during stance phases

A

Midstance – COM is closer to the stance leg

68
Q

Ground Reaction Force work on what segments

A

works on distal segment

69
Q

during loading is the foot supinated or pronated

A

supinated - ridged

70
Q

during stance is the foot supinated or pronated

A

pronated - what a flexible foot to accommodate to the different surfaces

71
Q

push off - foot soup or pronated

A

soup - want rigid surface to push off of

Kinesolgy (6 decks)

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