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B3 Anatomy > Posterior Triangle Of Neck > Flashcards

Posterior Triangle Of Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Skin on back of scalp and back of neck is supplied by

A

Dorsal rami of spinal nerves C2-C5

Dorsal rami of C1 and C6-C8 have no cutaneous distribution

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2
Q

Skin of anterior and lateral aspects of neck is supplied by

A

Ventral rami of C2-C4 spinal nerves via cutaneous branches of cervical plexus

They emerge from underneath the posterior border of sternocleidomastoid muscle

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3
Q

Cutaneous branches of cervical plexus

A

Lesser occipital nerve

Great auricular nerve

Transverse cervical nerve

Supraclavicular nerve

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4
Q

Lesser occipital nerve

Where is and what does it supply?

A

Follows the posterior border of sternocleidomastoid

Supplies skin over lateral part of occipital region and upper part of medial surface of muscle

C2, or C2,C3

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5
Q

Great Auricular Nerve

A

Ascends superficial to sternocleidomastoid, parallel to external jugular vein

Supplies skin over angle of mandible and parotid gland, and both surfaces of lower part of auricle

C2,C3

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6
Q

Transverse cervical nerve

A

Run Anteriorly, superficial to sternocleidomastoid

Supplies skin of anterior and lateral aspects of neck

C2, C3

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7
Q

Supraclavicular nerves

A

Arise from a common trunk, which divides into:

  • medial supraclavicular nerve
  • intermediate supraclavicular nerve
  • lateral supraclavicular nerve

Descend into side of lower neck

Supply skin at base of neck and skin that covers upper part of pec. Major and deltoid muscles

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8
Q

Platysma

LOINA

A

L- muscle embedded in superficial fascia of neck

O- deep fascia that covers upper parts of pectoralis major and deltoid muscles

I- over side of neck into muscles of lower lip and angle of mouth

N- cervical branch of facial nerve

A- tenses skin of neck, helps depress mandible, draws down lower lip and angle of mouth

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9
Q

What does the external jugular vein divide into?

A

Posterior auricular vein and retromandibular vein

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10
Q

function of Posterior Auricular vein

A

Drains scalp posterior and superior to auricle

Dumps into EJV

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11
Q

Function of retromandibular vein

A

Formed within parotid gland by union of superficial temporal and maxillary veins

At lower end of gland it divides into anterior (joins facial) and posterior branches (joins posterior auricular vein)

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12
Q

Tributaries to EJV

A

Transverce cervical vein

Suprascapular vein

Anterior jugular veins

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13
Q

Anterior jugular vein

A

Begins in submental region by union of several small veins

Descends close to anterior midline, just superior to jugular (Supra stern also) notch of sternum, turn laterally and passes posterior (deep) to sternocleidomastoid, then drains into EJV

Right and left jugular veins are usually join midline by jugular venous arch

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14
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

LOIN

A

L: from sternum/clavicle into anterior and posterior triangles

O: anterior surface of manubrium of sternum AND superior surface of medial third of clavicle
-sternal head and clavicular head

I: two heads join and insert into mastoid process and lateral part of superior nuchal line

N: accessory nerve (motor) and branches from ventral rami of C2 and C3 spinal nerves

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15
Q

Actions of Sternocleidomastoid

Unilateral vs bilateral

A

Unilateral:
Lateral flexion of head and neck to same side of contracting muscle
Rotation of head and neck to opposite side of contracting muscle

Bilateral:
Draws head forward
Flexion of head and neck against resistance
If head is fixed, accessory muscle of inspiration

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16
Q

Consists of connective tissue that supports muscles, vessels, nerves and viscera of neck

A

Deep Cervical Fascia

17
Q

components of Deep Cervical Fascia

A

Investing Layer

Pretracheal layer

Prevertebral layer

Carotid sheath

Retropharyngeal space

18
Q

Investing layer of Deep cervical Fascia

A

More superficially located

Completely encircles neck like a collar, splitting to enclose sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

Roofs over anterior and posterior triangles

19
Q

Pretracheal layer of Deep Cervical Fascia

A

Located in anterior part of neck

Has a muscular part
-encloses infrahyoid muscles
and a visceral part
-encloses thyroid gland, trachea, esophagus, larynx, and pharynx

Posterior to pharynx and esophagus it is known as buccopharyngeal fascia

20
Q

Prevertebral layer of DCF

A

Located in posterior part of neck

Surrounds cervical vertebrae and anterior and posterior vertebral muscles

21
Q

Carotid sheath of DCF

A

Fascial tube extending from base of skull to root of neck

Contains common and internal carotid arteries, internal jugular vein, and vagus nerve

22
Q

Retropharyngeal space of DCF

A

Interval between buccopharyngeal fascia (anteriorly) and prevertebral fascia (posteriorly), filled with loose CT

Closed laterally by carotid sheaths

Extends from base of skull (superiorly) to mediastinum (inferiorly)

Its loose CT accommodates movements of pharynx and esophagus while swallowing

Represents a pathway through which neck infections can spread to mediastinum

23
Q

Boundaries of Posterior Triangle of Neck

A

Anteriorly: posterior border of sternocleidomastoid

Posteriorly: anterior border of trapezius

Inferiorly: middle 1/3 of clavicle

Covered by skin, superficial fascia, platysma, and investing layer of deep cervical fascia

Floor: splenius capitis, levator scapulae, scalenus posterior, and
scalenus medius (all covered by prevertebral layer of deep
cervical fascia); small part of scalenus anterior may be present, but it is usually hidden by sternocleidomastoid
24
Q

What muscle crosses the inferior part of posterior triangle?

A

Inferior belly of omohyoid

Divides posterior triangle into occipital triangle and supraclavicular triangle

25
Q

Muscles within posterior triangle

A

Splenius muscle

Levator scapulae muscle

Scalene muscles (posterior, middle, and anterior)

Omohyoid

(Brachial plexus, although nerves)

26
Q

Scalenus anterior

OIA

A

O: transverse process of C3 to C5 vertebra

I: superior surface of 1st rib and scalene tubercle (bony prominence on medial border of 1st rib)

A: holds neck vertical

27
Q

Scalenus medium

OI

Size and length?

A

O: transverse processes of C2 to C7

I: superior surface of 1st rib, between costal tubercle and groove for subclavian artery

largest and longest of scalene muscles

28
Q

Scalenus posterior

OI

Size?

A

O: transverse processes of C4 to C6 vertebrae

I: outer surface of 2nd rib

Smallest of scalene muscles!

29
Q

All scalene muscles

NA

A

N: direct muscular branches from ventral rami of cervical spinal nerves

A: lateral flexion of neck, accessory to muscles of inspiration

30
Q

Omohyoid

What are the parts of it and how are they connected?

A

Inferior and superior bellies

Connected by an intermediate tendon

31
Q

How is the angulated course of the omohyoid muscle maintained?

A

By loop of deep cervical fascia that surrounds the intermediate tendon

Attached to clavicle and 1st rib

32
Q

Omohyoid

NA

A

N: ansa cervicalis (ventral rami of C1 to C3)

A: depresses hyoid bone

33
Q

Arteries of the PToN

A

Subclavian artery

Superficial cervical artery

Suprascapular artery

Dorsal scapular artery

Occipital artery

34
Q

Veins of the PToN

A

External jugular vein (and its tributaries)

Subclavian vein (occasionally)

35
Q

Nerves of the PToN

A

Brachial plexus

Accessory nerve

Branches of cervical plexus

B3 Anatomy (5 decks)

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