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B3 Anatomy > Face And Scalp > Flashcards

Face And Scalp Flashcards

1
Q

The scalp consists of ____ layers.

Which layers are intimately bound together?

A

5

First 3

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2
Q

Layers of the scalp..

SCALP

A

S- Skin

C- Connective Tissue

A- Aponeurosis

L- Loose areoles connective tissue

P - Pericranium

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3
Q

Thick layer of the scalp, with hair and sebaceous glands

A

Skin

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4
Q

Fibrous layer of the scalp, with fatty connective tissue with septa that connect the skin to the Aponeurosis

A

Connective tissues

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5
Q

a thin tendinous sheet that connects the bellies of the occipitofronalis

Also known as Epicranial

A

Aponeurosis

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6
Q

Located in the subaponeurotic space

A

Loose Areolar connective tissue

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7
Q

The periosteum covering the outer surface of the skull bones

A

Pericranium

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8
Q

The muscle of the Scalp

A

Occipitofronalis muscle

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9
Q

The two parts of the Occipitofronalis muscle

A

Occipital belly and frontal belly

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10
Q

Originates from the unchallenged line of the occipital bone and inserts into the Epicranial Aponeurosis

A

Occipital belly

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11
Q

Originates from the skin and superficial fascia of the eyebrow area and inserts into the Epicranial Aponeurosis

A

Frontal belly

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12
Q

Action of the Occipitofronalis muscle

A

To move the scalp on the skull and raise the eyebrows

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13
Q

What innervates the Occipitofronalis muscle?

A

The facial nerve

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14
Q

Where are the sensory nerves located?

A

In the superficial fascia

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15
Q

What are the 6 sensory nerves of the scalp?

A

Supratrochlear nerve, supraorbital nerve, zygomaticotemporal nerve, auriculotemporal nerve, lesser occiptal nerve, greater occipital nerve

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16
Q

Branches of the trigeminal nerve

Sensory

A

Supratrochlear and supraorbital (ophthalmic division)

zygomaticotemporal (maxillary)

Auriculotemporal (mandibular)

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17
Q

Where does the lesser occipital nerve branch from?

A

Branch of the cervical plexus (C2)

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18
Q

Where does greater occipital nerve branch from?

A

branch of the dorsal Ramus of C2

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19
Q

Why do cuts in the scalp bleed profusely?

A

The scalp has an extensive blood supply

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20
Q

Arteries of the Scalp

A

Supratrochlear, supraorbital, superficial temporal, posterior auricular, occiptal

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21
Q

Supra trachea vein and supraorbital veins unite to form the

A

Facial vein

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22
Q

Superficial temporal vein unites with the maxillary vein to form the

A

Retromandibular vein

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23
Q

The posterior auricular vein unites with the posterior division of the retromandibular vein to form the

A

External jugular vein

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24
Q

The _____________ drains into the suboccipital venous plexus, which in turn drains into the vertebral veins or the internal jugular vein

A

Occipital vein

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25
Q

What do emissary veins do?

A

Connect the veins of the scalp with the diploic veins of the skull bone, and with the intracranial venous sinuses

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26
Q

(Lymph) nodes of the Scalp

A

Submandibular lymph nodes (anterior part of the scalp and forehead drain into these)

Superficial parotid/preauricular nodes (drainage from the lateral part of the scalp above the ear)

Mastoid nodes (drainage from part of the scalp above and behind the ear)

Occipital nodes (drainage from the back of the scalp)

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27
Q

Why does the scalp have an abundant blood supply?

A

To nourish the hair follicles

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28
Q

Why is bleeding of the scalp often hard to stop?

A

Because the arterial walls are attached to fibrous septa in the subcutaneous tissue

The attachment to the fibrous septa makes the walls unable to contract or retract to allow blood clotting to take place

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29
Q

What is the only effective way to stop bleeding of the scalp?

A

Applying local pressure to the laceration

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30
Q

At what point will a laceration to the scalp need to be sutured?

A

When the wound is deep enough to divided the cranial aponeurosis (which is produced by the tone of the Occipitofronalis muscle)

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31
Q

The skin of the face contains what 2 types of glands

A

Sweat and sebaceous

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32
Q

How is the skin attached to the underlying bones? And what is embedded in there?

A

Loose connective tissue

Muscles of facial expression

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33
Q

Is there deep fascia in the face?

A

Nope. Nada. None.

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34
Q

What are wrinkles of the face a result of?

A

Repeated folding of the skin perpendicular to the long axis of the underlying muscles.

Aging skin loses its elasticity.

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35
Q

How can surgical scars of the face be less conspicuous?

A

If they follow wrinkle lines.

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36
Q

The skin of the face is supplied by branches of 3 divisions of the:

A

Trigeminal nerve

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37
Q

The trigeminal nerve supplies the skin of the face except at:

A

A small area over the angle of the mandible and the parotid gland.

Supplied by the great auricular nerve

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38
Q

What supplies sensory innervation to the mouth, teeth, nasal cavities, and paranasal air sinuses?

A

Trigeminal nerve

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39
Q

What are the divisions of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular

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40
Q

What does the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve supply?

A

Supplies the skin of the forehead, upper eyelid, conjunctiva, and side of nose down to and including the tip

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41
Q

What are the branches of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve

A 
Lacrimal nerve
Supraoribital nerve
Supratrochlear nerve
Infratrochlear nerve
External nasal nerve
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42
Q

What does the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve supply?

A

Skin on the posterior part of the side of the nose, the lower eyelid, the cheek, the upper lip, and the lateral side of the orbital opening

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43
Q

What are the 3 cutaneous branches of the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Infra orbital nerve
Zygomaticofacial nerve
Zygomaticotemporal nerve

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44
Q

What does the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve supply?

A

The skin of the lower lip, the lower part of the face, the temporal region, and part of the ear

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45
Q

What are the three cutaneous branches of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Mental nerve
Buccal nerve
Auriculotemporal nerve

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46
Q

What are the two arterial sources of the face?

A

Facial and superficial temporal arteries

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47
Q

The blood supply is supplemented by small arteries that accompany the _______ _______ of the face.

A

Sensory nerves

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48
Q

Where can you feel the pulse of the facial artery?

A

Where the facial artery curves around the inferior border of the mandible at the anterior border of the masseter muscle

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49
Q

The facial artery is covered by the _______ and _________ muscles

A

Platysma and risorious muscles

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50
Q

at the medial angle of the eye, the facial artery anastomoses with branches of the _____________ artery

A

Ophthalmic

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51
Q

Branches of the facial artery

A

Submental artery
Inferior labial artery
Superior labial artery lateral nasal artery

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52
Q

What artery supply the skin of the forehead?

A

The supraorbital and supratrochlear arteries (branches of the ophthalmic artery)

53
Q

The facial vein is formed where? And by the Union of what two veins?

A

At the medial angle of the eye

Supraorbital and supratrochlear veins

54
Q

How is the facial vein connected to the cavernous sinus?

A

By way of the superior ophthalmic vein.

55
Q

Why is the connection between the facial vein and the cavernous sinus important?

A

Because it provides a path for infection to spread from the face to the sinus

56
Q

What does the facial vein drain into?

A

The internal jugular vein

57
Q

The facial vein is joined to the pterygoid venous plexus by the _____ _____ _____

A

Deep facial vein

58
Q

Lymph from the forehead and the anterior part of the face drains into the

A

Submandibular lymph nodes

59
Q

There may be a few _______ _______ _____ along the course of these lymph vessels

A

Buccaneers lymph nodes

60
Q

The lateral part of the face, including the lateral part of the eyelids, is drained by the lymph vessels that terminate in the

A

Parotid lymph nodes

61
Q

The central part of the lower lip and the skin of the chin drain into the

A

Submental lymph nodes

62
Q

The muscles of the faces are embedded in the

A

Superficial fascia

63
Q

Most of the muscles of the face originate from the ______ and insert into the ____

A

Skull

Skin

64
Q

Sphincter or dilators surround what facial orifices?

A

The orbit, the nose, the mouth

65
Q

All facial muscles are innervated by the:

A

Facial nerve

66
Q

Sphincter muscle of the eyelid

A

Orbicularis oculi

67
Q

Dilator muscles of the eye orbit

A

Levator palpebrae superioris and occipitofrontalis

68
Q

Sphincter muscle of the nose/dilator muscle

A

Sphincter - compressor naris

Dilator- dilator naris

69
Q

Sphincter muscle of the mouth/dilator muscles

A

Sphincter- orbicularis oris

Dilator- series of small muscles that radiate out from the lips

70
Q

Fibers of the orbicularis oris muscle originate from:

A

The underlying bones or from the deep surface of the skin

71
Q

What innervated the orbicularis oris?

A

The buccal and mandibular branches of the facial nerve

72
Q

Action of the orbicularis oris

A

Compress the lips together

73
Q

dilator muscles of the lips

A

Radiate out from the lips,

Action is the separate the lips

74
Q

The buccinator originates from where?

A

The outer surface of the alveolar margins of the mandible and maxilla, opposite the molars, it also originates from the pterygomandibular ligament

75
Q

The buccinator is pierced by the:

A

Parotid duct

76
Q

The buccinator is innervated by the:

A

Buccal branch of the facial nerve

77
Q

Action of the buccinator

A

To compress the cheeks and lips against the teeth

78
Q

The facial nerve runs forward in the substance of the ________ ______, where it divides into:

A

Parotid gland

  1. Temporal branch (supplies the anterior and superior auricular muscles, frontal belly of the occipitofrontalis, orbicularis oculi, and corrugator supercilli)
  2. Zygomatic branch (supplies orbicularis oculi)
  3. Buccal branch (supplies buccinator, muscles of the upper lip and nostril)
  4. Mandibular branch (supplies muscles of the lower lip)
  5. Cervical branch (supplies platysma)
79
Q

What is the old name for the mandibular nerve?

A

Marginal mandibular nerve

80
Q

At what point will a laceration to the scalp need to be sutured?

A

When the wound is deep enough to divided the cranial aponeurosis (which is produced by the tone of the Occipitofronalis muscle)

81
Q

The skin of the face contains what 2 types of glands

A

Sweat and sebaceous

82
Q

How is the skin attached to the underlying bones? And what is embedded in there?

A

Loose connective tissue

Muscles of facial expression

83
Q

Is there deep fascia in the face?

A

Nope. Nada. None.

84
Q

What are wrinkles of the face a result of?

A

Repeated folding of the skin perpendicular to the long axis of the underlying muscles.

Aging skin loses its elasticity.

85
Q

How can surgical scars of the face be less conspicuous?

A

If they follow wrinkle lines.

86
Q

The skin of the face is supplied by branches of 3 divisions of the:

A

Trigeminal nerve

87
Q

The trigeminal nerve supplies the skin of the face except at:

A

A small area over the angle of the mandible and the parotid gland.

Supplied by the great auricular nerve

88
Q

What supplies sensory innervation to the mouth, teeth, nasal cavities, and paranasal air sinuses?

A

Trigeminal nerve

89
Q

What are the divisions of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular

90
Q

What does the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve supply?

A

Supplies the skin of the forehead, upper eyelid, conjunctiva, and side of nose down to and including the tip

91
Q

What are the branches of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve

A 
Lacrimal nerve
Supraoribital nerve
Supratrochlear nerve
Infratrochlear nerve
External nasal nerve
92
Q

What does the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve supply?

A

Skin on the posterior part of the side of the nose, the lower eyelid, the cheek, the upper lip, and the lateral side of the orbital opening

93
Q

What are the 3 cutaneous branches of the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Infra orbital nerve
Zygomaticofacial nerve
Zygomaticotemporal nerve

94
Q

What does the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve supply?

A

The skin of the lower lip, the lower part of the face, the temporal region, and part of the ear

95
Q

What are the three cutaneous branches of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Mental nerve
Buccal nerve
Auriculotemporal nerve

96
Q

What are the two arterial sources of the face?

A

Facial and superficial temporal arteries

97
Q

The blood supply is supplemented by small arteries that accompany the _______ _______ of the face.

A

Sensory nerves

98
Q

Where can you feel the pulse of the facial artery?

A

Where the facial artery curves around the inferior border of the mandible at the anterior border of the masseter muscle

99
Q

The facial artery is covered by the _______ and _________ muscles

A

Platysma and risorious muscles

100
Q

at the medial angle of the eye, the facial artery anastomoses with branches of the _____________ artery

A

Ophthalmic

101
Q

Branches of the facial artery

A

Submental artery
Inferior labial artery
Superior labial artery lateral nasal artery

102
Q

What artery supply the skin of the forehead?

A

The supraorbital and supratrochlear arteries (branches of the ophthalmic artery)

103
Q

The facial vein is formed where? And by the Union of what two veins?

A

At the medial angle of the eye

Supraorbital and supratrochlear veins

104
Q

How is the facial vein connected to the cavernous sinus?

A

By way of the superior ophthalmic vein.

105
Q

Why is the connection between the facial vein and the cavernous sinus important?

A

Because it provides a path for infection to spread from the face to the sinus

106
Q

What does the facial vein drain into?

A

The internal jugular vein

107
Q

The facial vein is joined to the pterygoid venous plexus by the _____ _____ _____

A

Deep facial vein

108
Q

Lymph from the forehead and the anterior part of the face drains into the

A

Submandibular lymph nodes

109
Q

There may be a few _______ _______ _____ along the course of these lymph vessels

A

Buccaneers lymph nodes

110
Q

The lateral part of the face, including the lateral part of the eyelids, is drained by the lymph vessels that terminate in the

A

Parotid lymph nodes

111
Q

The central part of the lower lip and the skin of the chin drain into the

A

Submental lymph nodes

112
Q

The muscles of the faces are embedded in the

A

Superficial fascia

113
Q

Most of the muscles of the face originate from the ______ and insert into the ____

A

Skull

Skin

114
Q

Sphincter or dilators surround what facial orifices?

A

The orbit, the nose, the mouth

115
Q

All facial muscles are innervated by the:

A

Facial nerve

116
Q

Sphincter muscle of the eyelid

A

Orbicularis oculi

117
Q

Dilator muscles of the eye orbit

A

Levator palpebrae superioris and occipitofrontalis

118
Q

Sphincter muscle of the nose/dilator muscle

A

Sphincter - compressor naris

Dilator- dilator naris

119
Q

Sphincter muscle of the mouth/dilator muscles

A

Sphincter- orbicularis oris

Dilator- series of small muscles that radiate out from the lips

120
Q

Fibers of the orbicularis oris muscle originate from:

A

The underlying bones or from the deep surface of the skin

121
Q

What innervated the orbicularis oris?

A

The buccal and mandibular branches of the facial nerve

122
Q

Action of the orbicularis oris

A

Compress the lips together

123
Q

dilator muscles of the lips

A

Radiate out from the lips,

Action is the separate the lips

124
Q

The buccinator originates from where?

A

The outer surface of the alveolar margins of the mandible and maxilla, opposite the molars, it also originates from the pterygomandibular ligament

125
Q

The buccinator is pierced by the:

A

Parotid duct

126
Q

The buccinator is innervated by the:

A

Buccal branch of the facial nerve

127
Q

Action of the buccinator

A

To compress the cheeks and lips against the teeth

128
Q

The facial nerve runs forward in the substance of the ________ ______, where it divides into:

A

Parotid gland

  1. Temporal branch (supplies the anterior and superior auricular muscles, frontal belly of the occipitofrontalis, orbicularis oculi, and corrugator supercilli)
  2. Zygomatic branch (supplies orbicularis oculi)
  3. Buccal branch (supplies buccinator, muscles of the upper lip and nostril)
  4. Mandibular branch (supplies muscles of the lower lip)
  5. Cervical branch (supplies platysma)
129
Q

What is the old name for the mandibular nerve?

A

Marginal mandibular nerve

B3 Anatomy (5 decks)

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