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B3 Anatomy > Anterior Triangle Of the Neck > Flashcards

Anterior Triangle Of the Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Boundaries of the Anterior Triangle

A

Anteriorly: midline of neck

Posteriorly: anterior border of sternocleidomastoid

Superiorly: inferior border of body of mandible

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2
Q

Muscle groups of the Anterior Triangle

A

Infrahyoid muscles

Suprahyoid muscles

Anterior vertebral muscles

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3
Q

Infrahyoid muscles

A

Thin, strap-like muscles

4 types:

  1. Sternohyoid
  2. Sternothyroid
  3. Thyrohyoid
  4. Omohyoid
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4
Q

Sternohyoid

Location, Origin, Insertion, Nerve supply, and action

A

L: superficially, medial to superior belly of omohyoid

O: posterior surfaces of manubrium of sternum and sternal end of clavicle

I: body of hyoid

N: ansa cervicalis (C1-C3)

A: depresses hyoid bone

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5
Q

Sternothyroid

Location, Origin, Insertion, Nerve supply, and action

A

L: deep to sternohyoid

O: posterior surface of manubrium of sternum

I: oblique line of thyroid cartilage

N: ansa cervicalis (C1-C3)

A: depresses larynx

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6
Q

Thyrohyoid

Location, Origin, Insertion, Nerve supply, and action

A

L: Upward continuation of sternothyroid

O: oblique line of thyroid cartilage

I: runs superiorly over thyrohyoid membrane, inserts into greater horn and body of hyoid

N: C1 fibers via hypoglossal nerve

A: depresses hyoid bone or elevates larynx

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7
Q

Nerve loop that contains fibers from ventral rami of C1 to C3 spinal nerves

A

Ansa Cervicalis

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8
Q

Lower root of ansa cervicalis is…

A

A direct branch of cervical plexus

  • contains fibers from ventral rami of C2 to C3
  • passes superficial (or deep) to internal jugular vein
  • joins upper root to form ansa
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9
Q

Upper root of Ansa Cervicalis

A

Appears to originate from hypoglossal nerve, but contains no hypoglossal fibers

Consists of C1 fibers that join CN XII and travel with it for a distance

separate from CN XII and form upper root of ansa cervicalis

Joins lower root to form ansa

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10
Q

Ansa cervicalis gives branches that supply ___________, __________, and both bellies of __________

A

Sternohyoid, sternothyroid, omohyoid

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11
Q

Some C1 fibers continues with CN ___ (after it has given off upper root) and supply __________ and ________ muscles.

A

XII, thyrohyoid, geniohyoid

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12
Q

Suprahyoid muscles

A

Digastric

Stylohyoid

Mylohyoid

Geniohyoid

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13
Q

Digastric muscle consists of posterior and anterior bellies connected by an ….

A

Intermediate tendon

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14
Q

Posterior belly attaches to ________ _______, then becomes continuous with ___________ ________

A

Digastric (mastoid) notch

Intermediate tendon

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15
Q

Intermediate tendon pierces ___________ then becomes continuous with. ________ _____

A

Stylohyoid, anterior belly or digastric

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16
Q

Anterior belly attaches to what?

A

Digastric fossa of mandible

17
Q

Nerve supply of Digastric

A

Posterior Belly: facial nerve

Anterior belly: nerve to mylohyoid (branch of inferior alveolar nerve, from V3)

18
Q

Actions of Digastric

A

Depresses mandible and elevates hyoid bone

19
Q

Stylohyoid

O, I, N, A

Pierced where and by what?

A

O: styloid process

I: hyoid bone at junction of body and greater horn

N: facial nerve

A: elevates hyoid bone and draws it backward

Pierce: near its insertion by intermediate tendon of digastric

20
Q

Mylohyoid

LOINA

2 mylohyoids form what?

A

L: superior to anterior belly of digastric

O: mylohyoid line of mandible

I: most posterior fibers attach to body of hyoid bone, others terminate in midline raphe extending from mandible to hyoid

N: nerve to mylohyoid

A: elevates floor of mouth during swallowing, elevates hyoid bone, depresses mandible

2 mylohyoid muscles form muscular floor of oral cavity

21
Q

Geniohyoid

LOINA

A

L: above mylohyoid

O: mental spine

I: anterior surface of body of hyoid

N: C1 fibers via hypoglossal nerve

A: elevates hyoid bone and draws it forward, depresses mandible

22
Q

Anterior vertebral muscles

A

Longus capitus

Longus coli

Rectus capitis anterior

Rectus capitis lateralis

23
Q

Longus Capitis

OINA

A

O: transverse processes of C3 to C6 vertebrae

I: inferior surface of basilar part of occipital bone

N: branches from ventral rami of C1 to C3 nerves

A: flexion of head and neck

24
Q

What are the 3 parts of Longus Coli?

LOINA

A

Inferior oblique, superior oblique, and vertical

L/O/I:
-inferior oblique: extends from bodies of first 2 or 3 thoracic vertebrae to transverse processes of C5 and C6 vertebrae

  • superior oblique: extends from transverse processes of C3 to C5 vertebrae to anterior tubercle of atlas
  • vertical: extends from bodies of upper 3 thoracic and lower 3 cervical vertebrae to bodies of C2 to C4 vertebrae

N: branches from ventral rami of C2 to C6 spinal nerves

A: flexion of neck

25
Q

Rectus Capitis Anterior

LOINA

A

L: posterior to upper part of longus capitis

O: anterior surface of lateral mass of atlas and root of atlas’ transverse process

I: inferior surface of basilar part of occipital bone, immediately anterior to occipital condyle

N: branches from loop between ventral rami of C1 and C2 spinal nerves

A: flexion of head

26
Q

Rectus Capitis Lateralis

OINA

A

O: upper surface of transverse process of atlas

I: inferior surface of jugular process of occipital bone

N: branches from loop between ventral rami of C1 and C2 spinal nerves

A: lateral flexion of head to same side of contracting muscle

27
Q

Subdivisions of the Anterior Triangle

A

Submandibular (digastric) triangle

Carotid triangle

Muscular triangle

submental triangle

28
Q

Submandibular triangle

Boundaries and contents

A

Boundaries
– Anteriorly: anterior belly of digastric
– Posteriorly: posterior belly of digastric and stylohyoid
– Superiorly: inferior border of body of mandible
– Floor: mylohyoid and hyoglossus muscles

Contents:
– Submandibular gland (superficial part)
– Facial vessels (a. and v.)
– Submandibular lymph nodes
– Hypoglossal nerve
– Mylohyoid nerve and vessels (a. and v.)
29
Q

Carotid Triangle

B&C

A

Boundaries
– Anteriorly and superiorly: posterior belly of digastric
– Anteriorly and inferiorly: superior belly of omohyoid
– Posteriorly: anterior border of sternocleidomastoid

Contents
– Arteries: common carotid, initial segments of external and
internal carotid, some branches of external carotid
– Veins: internal jugular and some of its tributaries
– Nerves: vagus, accessory, hypoglossal, ansa cervicalis,
internal and external laryngeal
– Deep cervical lymph nodes

30
Q

Muscular triangle

B&C

A

Boundaries
– Anteriorly: anterior midline of neck
– Posteriorly and superiorly: superior belly of omohyoid
– Posteriorly and inferiorly: anterior border of
sternocleidomastoid

Contents
– Sternohyoid and sternothyroid muscles
– Viscera of neck (e.g.: thyroid and parathyroid glands, larynx, trachea)

31
Q

Submental Triangle

B&C

A

Boundaries
– Laterally: anterior bellies of digastric muscles
– Inferiorly: body of hyoid
– Floor: mylohyoid muscles

Contents
– Submental lymph nodes
– Small veins that join to form anterior jugular veins

B3 Anatomy (5 decks)

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