Posterior Thigh and Popliteal Fossa Flashcards
What muscle’s have an origin at the Ischial Tuberosity
- Adductor Magnus M
- Biceps Femoris Long Head
- Semimembranosus M
- Semitendinosis M
What muslcle inserts on the Adductor Tubercle (above medial epicondyle)
Adductor Magnus M.
What muscle inserts on the Head of the Fibula?
Biceps Femoris Muscle
What is the action and innervation of the semitendinosus muscle? Where does it attach?
Function
- Extend thigh; flex leg; medially rotate flexed leg
Innervation
- Tibial Division of Sciatic N.
Attachment
- Pes Anserinus
A patient presents to the clinic with constant, aching pain that is aggrevated by climbing stairs (flexion and internal/medial rotation of the knee). What is your diagnosis?
Pes Anserine Bursitis
What is the function of the Semimembranosus muscle? What is its innervation?
Function
- extend thigh; flex leg; medially rotate flexed leg
Innervation
- tibial division of sciatic n
What ligament does the one of the semimembranosus tendons divide into? What is its function?
1) Oblique popliteal ligament
2) reinforces intercondylar portion of knee joint capsule
What is the function of the biceps femoris long head? What is it’s innervation?
Function
- Extend thigh; flex leg; laterally rotate flexed knee
Innervation
- Tibial division Sciatic N.
What is the function and innervation of the biceps femoris short head?
function
- flex leg; laterally rotate flexed leg
innervation
- common fibular division of sciatec nerve.
**origin is the lateral lip of linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line **
What is the function and innervation of the hamstring head of the Adductor Magnus muscle?
Function
- Extend Thigh
Innervation
- Tibial division of sciatic n
With hamstring injuries, what can be associated with them that may be worrisome?
Avulsion fractures
Starting from the abdominal aorta, name the artery branches supplying the leg.
Abdominal aorta
to
Common illiac
to
External and Internal Illiac
From external illiac you have Femoral Artery (after goes under inguinal ligament)
From femoral artery you have deep femoral artery that gives off perforating branches
at termination of femoral artery you have popliteal artery
popliteal artery gives rise to anterior and posterior tibial artery
Lateral Femoral Circumflex artery has what branches?
Ascending, Descending, and Transverse
Medial femoral circumflex artery has what branches?
Ascending and transverse
What artery pierces the adductor canal?
Descending genicular artery
The perforating arteries supply what muscles? How do they travel anterior to posterior?
1) Adductor magnus and posterior thigh muscles
2) pierces the adductor magnus
What two arteries supply the genicular anastamosies?
lateral
- lateral femoral circumflex artery
medial
- descending genicular artery
What supplies cutaneous innervation of posterior thigh?
posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
What supplies cutaneous innervation of lateral lower leg?
lateral sural cutaneous nerve
What supplies cutaneous innervation of medial lower leg?
saphenous nerve
What are the spinal roots of the Tibial division of the sciatic nerve?
L4-S3
What muscles do the tibial division of the sciatic nerve innervate?
Long head of biceps femoris (L5-S2)
Semitendinosus (L5-S2)
Semimembranosus (L5-S2)
“Hamstring” portion of Adductor Magnus (L4)
What are the spinal roots of the common fibular division of the sciatic nerve?
L4-S2
What muscle(s) does the common fibular division of the sciatic nerve innervate?
short head of biceps femoris (L5-S2)
When does the femoral artery become the politeal artery?
after passing thorugh adductor hiatus
Popliteal artery gives rise to what branches?
Genicular branches
- Superior medial
- inferior medial
- superior lateral
- inferior lateral
- middle genicular artery
What is the termination point of the small saphenous vein?
popliteal vein
Cutaneous fluids of the popliteal fossa drain to what nodes?
superficial popliteal nodes (along small saphenous vein)
Deep leg and foot drains to what lymph nodes?
Deep popliteal nodes (along popliteal veins)
Deep and superficial popliteal nodes both drain to what structure?
Deep Inguinal lymph nodes.
then to
external iliac
then to
common iliac
What does the tibial nerve innervate?
posterior leg muscles
knee joint
skin on posterior leg via medial sural cutaneous nerve
Where is the common fibular nerve most susceptible to injury?
where it winds around the head and neck of fibula
What does the common fibular nerve innervate?
anterior leg muscles via deep fibular nerve
Lateral leg muscles via superificial fibular nerve
Skin on posterolateral leg via lateral sural cutaneous nerve
What does the sural nerve innervate and what are its components?
1) cutaneous innervation of posterior leg and lateral aspect of ankle and foot
2) medial sural cutaneous (from tibial n)
Sural communicating branch (from common fibular or lateral sural cutaneous nerve)
What is a metaphyseal fracture and where are they most common?
Transverse fracture across the shaft of femur.
most common in distal femoral fracture
What is a physeal fracture?
transverse fracture involving epiphyseal plate
Distal femoral fractures run the risk of what?
disrupting neurovasculature in the popliteal fossa
What is acute compartment syndrome?
Increased pressure due to a closed fascial compartment
- usually due to hemorrhage or edema
Symptoms include
persistent deep ache or burning pain
paresthesia
Pain with passive stretch
muscle weakness
What is a popliteal (baker’s) cysts cause by?
enlargemnt of the gastrocnemius-semimebranosus bursa.
**associated with degenerative and inflammatory joint disease or joint injury **
**often contain synovial fluid due to communicating with knee joint**
What are some complications of a Baker’s cyst?
enlargement will present similar to DVT
**postive Homan’s sign**
rupture is similar to thrombosis or muscle rupture
What is a peripheral aneurysm? Where are they most common? What may they present with?
localized enlargemnt of an artery due to weakening of arterial wall
**popliteal artery aneurysms are the most common**
Severe pain behind the knee
