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ENDOCRINE SYSTEM DISORDERS > POSTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND DISORDERS > Flashcards

POSTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND DISORDERS Flashcards

FOCUS: ADH

1
Q

what do you call the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland?

A

neurohypophysis

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2
Q

what is the function of the neurohypophysis?

A

store hormones

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3
Q

what hormones does the neurohypophysis store?

A

adh and oxytocin

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4
Q

what is the another name for ADH?

A

vasopressin

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5
Q

function of ADH in the kidneys

A

water reabsorption

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6
Q

function of ADH in the blood vessel

A

vasoconstriction

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7
Q

at what conditions is the ADH being released to act as a compensatory mechanism?

A

hypotension - constrict vessels

hypovolemia - retain water

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8
Q

it is a condition where there is a hyposecretion of a hormone called ADH

A

diabetes insipidus

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9
Q

what are the two causes of DI?

A

nephrogenic and central

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10
Q

a cause of DI in which the kidneys have the problem due to insensitivity to ADH

A

nephrogenic DI

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11
Q

a cause of DI in which the CNS is the problem

A

central DI

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12
Q

what infection can cause central DI?

A

encephalitis
meningitis

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13
Q

what drugs can cause nephrogenic DI?

A

demeclocycline
methoxyflurane
lithium

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14
Q

why is there polyuria in DI?

A

hypothalamus does not produce ADH or kidneys are insensitive to ADH

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15
Q

why is there polydipsia in DI?

A

there is cellular dehydration which stimulates the thirst center

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16
Q

what is the urine specific gravity in DI?

A

low - mas maraming tubig

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17
Q

what is the serum osmolality in DI?

A

high - mas maraming solutes

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18
Q

what kind of shock may be attributed to DI?

A

hypovolemic shock

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19
Q

this is known as the weight of urine compared to water

A

urine specific gravity

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20
Q

normal specific gravity of water

A

1.00

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21
Q

normal urine specific gravity

A

1.010-1.030

22
Q

main diagnostic test for DI

A

water deprivation test

23
Q

what is the central venous pressure in DI?

24
Q

for how many hours would you restrict fluid in water deprivation test?

25
how would you know if its central or nephrogenic DI when doing the water deprivation test?
administer desmopressin
26
after administering desmopressin in water deprivation test, what indication would you see that it's a central DI?
dec. urine output - nagkaron ng action yung ADH meaning wala talagang ADH na pinoproduce yung hypothalamus
27
after administering desmopressin in water deprivation test, what indication would you see that it's a nephrogenic DI?
there is still inc. urine output - nag-administer na ng ADH pero ihi pa rin nang ihi so insensitive na yung kidneys mismo sa ADH
28
drug therapy for central DI
desmopressin
29
how is desmopressin being administered?
nasal spray
30
nursing consideration when giving desmopressin to patient
monitor urine output
31
a condition wherein there is a hypersecretion of ADH
syndrome of inappropriate ADH
32
most common cause of SIADH
tumor
33
why is there no edema in SIADH?
retention is only in the intravascular area
34
what is the blood pressure in DI?
hypotensive
35
blood pressure in SIADH
hypertensive
36
urine output in SIADH
less - oliguria
37
urine output in DI
more - polyuria
38
why is there oliguria in SIADH?
too much ADH
39
urine specific gravity in SIADH
high - mas marami solutes kesa water
40
serum osmolality in SIADH
low - maraming solvent kesa solutes
41
what electrolyte imbalance can happen due to hypervolemia in SIADH?
dilutional hyponatremia
42
most sensitive cell to sodium changes
brain cells
43
most dangerous type of edema that can happen in SIADH
cerebral edema
44
why is cerebral edema possible in SIADH?
there is more sodium in the brain cell that is why water is being pulled = brain will swell
45
earliest s/sx of cerebral edema
altered LOC
46
what type of loop diuretic is given to patients with SIADH?
furosemide
47
why do we give a diuretic in patients with SIADH?
to remove excess water in the body
48
drug therapy for SIADH which acts on the receptor of ADH
conivaptan tolvaptan
49
drug therapy for SIADH which inhibits the vasopressin
demeclocycline
50
why do we need to replace sodium if needed in patients with SIADH?
because of furosemide - maiihi rin yung electrolytes like K and Na

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM DISORDERS (7 decks)

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