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ENDOCRINE SYSTEM DISORDERS > DIABETES MELLITUS > Flashcards

DIABETES MELLITUS Flashcards

1
Q

major endocrine gland concerning diabetes mellitus

A

pancreas

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2
Q

function of glucagon

A

inc. blood sugar in blood if needed

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3
Q

function of insulin

A

decrease glucose in the blood

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4
Q

function of somatostatin

A

regulates glucagon in insulin in blood

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5
Q

what does the alpha cells of the islets of langerhans secrete?

A

glucagon

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6
Q

what does the beta cells of the islets of langerhans secrete?

A

insulin

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7
Q

what does the delta cells of the islets of langerhans secrete?

A

somatostatin

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8
Q

this is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia due to an insulin problem

A

diabetes mellitus

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9
Q

this helps glucose to enter cell by binding into its receptor

A

insulin

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10
Q

a type of diabetes that stems from not having insulin at all

A

type 1 DM

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11
Q

another term for type 1 DM

A

juvenile diabetes

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12
Q

a type of diabetes that stems from insensitivity of cells to the insulin

A

type 2 DM

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13
Q

problem in type 1 DM

A

quantity of insulin

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14
Q

problem in type 2 DM

A

quality of insulin

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15
Q

how many types of DM are there?

A

4

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16
Q

types of DM

A

type 1, type 2, GDM, secondary

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17
Q

what conditions can be attributed to the development of secondary DM?

A

chronic pancreatitis
cushing’s disease

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18
Q

why is there polyuria in DM?

A

osmotic diuresis

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19
Q

3Ps of DM

A

polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia

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20
Q

why is there polydipsia in DM?

A

cellular dehydration

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21
Q

why is there polyphagia in DM?

A

cellular hunger

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22
Q

why is cataract formation attributed in DM?

A

crystallization of lens due to hyperglycemia

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23
Q

why is there poor wound healing in patients with DM?

A

due to slow circulation of the blood due to inc. viscosity brought by hyperglycemia

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24
Q

what are the s/sx of virchow’s triad?

A

endothelial injury, stasis of blood, hypercoagulability

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25
if virchow's triad is present, patient is at most risk for?
thrombus formation
26
what blood vessels will be affected in thrombus formation?
small and large BV
27
what do you call it when large BV is affected by thrombus formation?
macroangiopathy
28
what do you call it when small BV is affected by thrombus formation?
microangiopathy
29
how do you assess if gangrene has good chance of healing?
if there is presence of normal pulses
30
what are the large BV that may be affected by thrombus formation?
cerebral BV, coronary BV, peripheral BV
31
what are the small BV that may be affected by thrombus formation?
retinal BV, renal BV, nerves
32
what will happen if cerebral BV will be affected by thrombus formation?
CVA
33
what will happen if renal BV will be affected by thrombus formation?
nephropathy
34
what will happen if nerves will be affected by thrombus formation?
neuropathy
35
what will happen if coronart BV will be affected by thrombus formation?
CAD
36
what will happen if peripheral BV will be affected by thrombus formation?
PVD
37
what will happen if retinal BV will be affected by thrombus formation?
retinopathy
38
a diagnostic test for DM where it can reveal the blood glucose regulation within 3 months
glycosylated hgb test
39
normal percentage of glucose inside RBC
4-6%
40
why do we need to rotate sites for insulin SQ?
to prevent lipodystrophy
41
rapid acting insulin inhalation
afreeza
42
why don't we give insulin orally?
destroyed by digestive enzymes
43
onset of very short acting insulin
15 min
44
peak of very short acting insulin
30 to 60 min
45
duration of very short acting insulin
2 to 4 hrs
46
example of very short acting insulin
aspart lispro
47
onset of short acting insulin
30 to 60 min
48
peak of short acting insulin
2 to 4 hrs
49
duration of short acting insulin
4 to 6 hrs
50
example of short acting insulin
regular insulin
51
example of intermediate insulin
NPH
52
peak of intermediate insulin
6 to 8 hrs
53
onset of intermediate insulin
2 to 4 hrs
54
duration of intermediate insulin
16 to 20 hrs
55
example of long acting insulin
ultralente
56
onset of long acting insulin
6 to 8 hrs
57
peak of long acting insulin
12 to 6 hrs
58
duration of long acting insulin
20 to 30 hrs
59
most common insulin for DM type 1
very long acting insulin
60
example of very long acting insulin
glargine lantus
61
onset of very long acting insulin
1 hr
62
peak of very long acting insulin
no peak
63
duration of very long acting insulin
24 hrs
64
if you are to combine short acting and intermediate insulin, what will you aspirate first?
short acting
65
when do you administer insulin?
before meals
66
when do you administer very long acting insulin?
after meals

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM DISORDERS (7 decks)

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