Posterior muscles

Question 1

Answer 1

Splenius capitis
-Both sides: extend and
hyperextends the head/neck.
One side: turns head and neck
to the same side

Question 2

Answer 2

-Semispinalis capitis
-Both sides: extend and
hyperextend the head/neck.
One side: turns head and neck
to the same side

Question 3

Answer 3

-Rhomboid minor
-Retracts (adducts)
and elevates the scapula.
Inferiorly rotates the scapula

Question 4

Answer 4

-Rhomboid major
-Retracts
and elevates the scapula.
Inferiorly rotates the scapula

Question 5

Answer 5

-trapezius
-Elevates and adducts the scapula. Extends the neck
-origin- Occipital bone,
ligamentum nuchae, and spinous
processes of C7-T12
-insertion-Clavicle, acromion
process, and spine of the scapula

Question 6

Answer 6

-Latissimus Dorsi
-Swimmers” muscle - prime mover of arm extension.
Adducts humerus inferiorly and posteriorly while rotating medially
-origin- Spinous processes of
T7-T12, lower ribs, iliac crest,
and thoracolumbar fascia
-insertion- Intertubercular
groove of the humerus

Question 7

Answer 7

-supraspinatus
-Abducts brachium
at glenohumeral joint

Question 8

Answer 8

-infraspinatus
-Adducts and laterally
rotates the glenohumeral joint

Question 9

Answer 9

-teres minor

Question 10

Answer 10

-teres major
-Brachium extension,
adducts humerus inferiorly
and posteriorly, while rotating
it medially

Question 11

Answer 11

-subscapularis
-Medially rotates brachium

Question 12

Answer 12

-tricepts brachii
Prime extensor of the cubitus
- ORIGINS-
-Long head – Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula.
-Lateral head – Posterior humerus above the radial groove.
Medial head – Posterior humerus below the radial groove.
-INSERTIONS-
Olecranon of the ulna

Question 13

Answer 13

-erector spinae
-Both contracted - extend
vertebral column.
One side contracted -
flexes the vertebral
column laterally toward
that same side.

Question 14

Answer 14

-gluteus maximus
-Chief extensor of femoral region, extends and laterally rotates
-origins- Iliac crest, sacrum, and
coccyx
-insertions- Iliotibial tract, linea
aspera of the femur, and gluteal
tuberosity of the femur

Question 15

Answer 15

-gluteus medius

Question 16

Answer 16

-gluteus minimus

Question 17

Answer 17

-piriformis

Question 18

Answer 18

-biceps femoris
-Extends femoral region and
flexes crural at the tibiofemoral joint. Laterally rotates the crural region
-ORIGINS-
Long head –Ischial tuberosity.
Short head – Linea aspera of femur
-INSERTIONS-
Head of fibula

Question 19

Answer 19

-Semitendinosus
-Extends femoral region and
flexes crural at tibiofemoral joint.
Medially rotates the crural region.
-ORIGINS- Ischial tuberosity
-INSERTIONS-Medial side of the tibial Tuberosity (pes anserine)

Question 20

Answer 20

-Semimembranosus
-Extends femoral region and
flexes crural at tibiofemoral joint.
Medially rotates the crural region
-ORIGINS-
Ischial tuberosity
-INSERTIONS-
Posterior surface of the
medial condyle of the tibia

Question 21

Answer 21

-Gastrocnemius
-ORIGINS-
Superior posterior
lateral and medial condyles of
the femur
-INSERTIONS-
Calcaneus via the calcaneal (Achilles) tendon

Question 22

Answer 22

-Soleus
-deep to gastrocnemius
-Plantar flexes the
foot at the talocrural region