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Anatomy 2020 > Posterior Mediastinum > Flashcards

Posterior Mediastinum Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the thoracic duct begin?

A

Cisterna chyli at L1-L2

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2
Q

Where does the thoracic duct end?

A

flows into the venous side of the circulation
at the LEFT VENOUS ANGLE
Notch at left internal jugular vein and left subclavian vein

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3
Q

What does the right lymphatic trunk drain?

A

Right arm
right side of head
right side of upper abdomen

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4
Q

What does the thoracic duct drain?

A

The rest of the body that isn’t drained by the right lymphatic duct

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5
Q

Where does the esophagus deviate?

A

Deviates left and passes through diaphragm at T10

anterior to aorta

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6
Q

What structures lie behind the pericardium?

A

sympathetic chain

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7
Q

Posterior veins on the right side drain into what?

A

Azygos vein

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8
Q

Posterior veins on the left side drain into what?

A

Hemi-azygos / accessory hemiazygos

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9
Q

What does the hemiazygos and accessory hemiazygos vein drain into?

A

azygos vein

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10
Q

What does the right superior intercostal vein drain?

A

2nd 3rd and 4th intercostal space – empty into azygos

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11
Q

what does the left superior intercostal vein drain?

A

1st - 4th intercostal space – drains into accessory hemiazygos / maybe hemiazygos

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12
Q

What does the right supreme intercostal vein drain?

A

1st intercostal space

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13
Q

What does the supreme intercostal vein drain into?

A

brachiocephalic

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14
Q

Where does the right lymphatic duct end?

A

empties in the junction of the right subclavian vein and right jugular vein
Right venous angle

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15
Q

When does the thoracic duct cross over to the left side of the body?

A

Around T4 - T5

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16
Q

What is the cisterna chyli formed by?

A

Left and right lumbar trunks

and intestinal trunk

17
Q

When does the thoracic duct enter through aortic hiatus?

A

T12

18
Q

Explain the drainage of lymph nodes in the lungs

A

pulmonary nodes –> bronchopulmonary (hilar) nodes –> inferior tracheobronchial (carinal) nodes –> superior tracheobronchial nodes –> tracheal nodes –> flows in to circulation

19
Q

What lymph nodes are found where the carina is located?

A

Inferior tracheobronchial (carinal) nodes

20
Q

Where does the esophagus descend from?

A

Superior mediastinum

21
Q

Where is the esophagus located?

A

Posterior and to the right of aortic arch

Behind pericardium, left atrium, and left main bronchus

22
Q

Explain if the right or left vagal trunk are posterior or anterior to the esophagus

A

Right vagal trunk is posterior

Left vagal trunk is anterior

23
Q

What is the 1st intercostal space supplied w/ blood by?

A

subclavian artery

24
Q

How are intercostal spaces supplied with blood?

A

Internal thoracic arteries give rise to the anterior intercostal arteries that connect with the posterior intercostal arteries

25
Q

What does the posterior intercostal arteries originate from?

A

Descending aorta

26
Q

What are complications of aortic dissections?

A

Arterial branch obstructions (stroke, heart attack, abdominal pain) –
Rupture and extravasation (hemopericardium, hemothorax) –

27
Q

What is a Stanford A aortic dissection

A

Ascending portion of aortic arch is involved

Surgical innervation needed

28
Q

What is a Stanford B aortic dissection

A 
Descending aorta involved 
treated medcially (blood pressure control)
29
Q

What is a true lumen and how can you it is a true lumen?

A

Surrounded by calcifications

smaller than false lumen

30
Q

How can you see a false lumen?

A

Delayed enhancement
larger than true lumen
outer curve of the arch
usually origin of the left renal artery

31
Q

What do you call blood in the pericardial sac?

A

Hemopericardium

32
Q

What do you call blood in the thorax?

A

Hemothorax

33
Q

What do you call blood in mediastinum?

A

Hemomediastinum

34
Q

What are arterioles?

A

terminal vessels of arterial system
control blood flow to capillary networks
site of the greatest resistance to blood flow
responsible for maintaining blood pressure

35
Q

Do arterioles have internal elastic membrane?

A

NO

36
Q

Where are continuous capillaries found?

A

in muscle, connective and nerve tissues and exocrine glands

37
Q

Where are fenestrated capillaries found?

A

kidney, intestine, and endocrine glands

38
Q

Where are sinusoidal capillaries found?

A

liver, bone marrow, spleen

Anatomy 2020 (4 decks)

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