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Anatomy 2020 > Anterior abdominal wall, inguinal canal and testis > Flashcards

Anterior abdominal wall, inguinal canal and testis Flashcards

1
Q

What are the semilunar lines of surface anatomy of anterior abdominal wall?

A

curved lines marking lateral limit of rectus abdominis

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2
Q

What are tendinous intersections

A

segment rectus abdominus and connect to anterior wall of aponeurotic coverings

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3
Q

What do the tendinous intersections prevent?

A

Bowstringing

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4
Q

What is the linea alba?

A

Midline tendinous line from xiphoid of sternum to pubic symphysis
Where aponeuroses of abdominal muscles meet

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5
Q

Why is the umbilicus important?

A

All layers of the wall fuse at this point (around L3-L4)

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6
Q

What do the thoracoabdominal nerves innervate?

A

T7-T11

T12 is a subcostal nerve

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7
Q

What nerves come from the lumbar plexus?

A

Iliohypogastric (L1)

Ilioinguinal (L1)

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8
Q

What does the ilioinguinal nerve go down to?

A

Spermatic cord and ends up in scrotum and labia majora for females

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9
Q

Describe the layers of the abdominal wall

A

Skin
Fattey layer of superficial fascia (Camper’s)
Membranous layer of superficial fascia (Scarpa’s)
External oblique muscle
external oblique muscle
transversus abdominis muscle
(fascia in between each muscle)

transversalias fascia
parietal peritoneum

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10
Q

Rectus abdominis sheath above umbilicus

A

External abdominal oblique aponeurosis above rectus abdominus muscle
internal abdominal oblique aponeurosis both anterior and posterior to RA muscle
Transverse abdominal aponeurosis, transversalis fascia and posterior rectus sheath posterior to RA muscle

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11
Q

What is the anterior rectus sheath above the umbilicus composed of?

A

External abdominal oblique aponeurosis

Internal abdominal oblique aponeurosis

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12
Q

What is the posterior rectus sheath above the umbilicus composed of?

A

Internal abdominal oblique aponeurosis
Transverse abdominal aponeurosis
Transversalis fascia
parietal peritoneum

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13
Q

What is the anterior rectus sheath below the umbilicus composed of?

A

External abdominal oblique aponeurosis
Internal abdominal oblique aponeurosis
Transverse abdominal aponeurosis

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14
Q

What is the posterior rectus sheath below the umbilicus composed of?

A

Transverse abdominal aponeurosis

transversalis fascia

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15
Q

Where are most of the direct inguinal hernias happen?

A

Inguinal triangle of Hesselbach

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16
Q

What are the inguinal triangle of Hesselbach borders?

A

lateral border of rectus muscle
inguinal ligament
inferior epigastric vessels

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17
Q

What does the lateral umbilical fold have with it?

A

Inferior epigastric artery and vein

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18
Q

What does the medial umbilical fold have with it?

A

Medial umbilical ligament

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19
Q

What does the median umbilical gold have with it?

A

Median umbilical ligament

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20
Q

What is the course of the inguinal canal?

A

Goes through deep inguinal ring and through superficial inguinal ring (oblique route)

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21
Q

Why is the inguinal canal important?

A

Allows the scrotum to move outside of the body without letting other structures to leave

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22
Q

What is the transversalis fascia within the scrotum?

A

Internal spermatic fascia

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23
Q

What is the cremaster muscle and fascia function?

A

elevate the testes

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24
Q

What is the cremaster muscle and fascia formed by?

A

Internal abdominal oblique muscle

25
Q

What does the external abdominal oblique aponeurosis from once in the scrotum?

A

External spermatic fascia

26
Q

What dose the dartos muscle do?

A

Wrinkles skin of the scrotum

27
Q

What does the dartos muscle come from?

A

Scarpa’s fascia

28
Q

Is the camper’s fascia found in scrotum?

A

NO

29
Q

From outside to inside describe the testis

A

External spermatic fascia
Cremaster muscle
Internal spermatic fascia

30
Q

What is found inside the spermatic cord?

A

Pampiniform plexus of veins
testicular artery
ductus deferens

31
Q

Define a hernia

A

Protrusion of a structure outside the compartment of the anatomic location

32
Q

What is the herniated sac

A

outpouching of peritoneum

33
Q

What are inguinal hernias?

A

Protrusion of a portion of an abdominal structure through the superficial inguinal ring

34
Q

Indirect hernias are

A

oblique and travel through entire length of inguinal canal

from deep inguinal ring to superficial inguinal ring

35
Q

Direct hernias are

A

pushes structures directly though the wall and end up through superficial inguinal ring

36
Q

What is a reducible hernia

A

see the bulge and able to push it back into the abdomen

37
Q

What is a irreducible hernia

A

not able to be pushed back

38
Q

What is a incarcerated hernia

A

Affecting blood supply

39
Q

What are the types of incarcerated hernias?

A

Obstructed (trapped tissue)

Strangulated (resulting in gangrene)

40
Q

Which type of hernia is always within the internal spermatic fascia?

A

Indirect inguinal hernia

41
Q

Which type of hernia is always outside the internal spermatic fascia?

A

Direct inguinal hernia

42
Q

Are direct inguinal hernias medial or lateral to inferior epigastric vessels?

A

Medial

43
Q

Are indirect inguinal hernias medial or lateral to inferior epigastric vessels?

A

Lateral

44
Q

What type of inguinal hernia are most commonly present in infants, children, and young adults?

A

Indirect

45
Q

What type of inguinal hernia are most commonly present in older men?

A

Direct

46
Q

What type of hernia protrudes directly through the abdominal wall?

A

Direct

47
Q

What type of hernia exit through superficial inguinal ring?

A

BOTH direct and indirect

48
Q

What type of inguinal hernia is acquired as a result of a developed weakness of the transversalis fascia?

A

Direct

49
Q

Herniorrhaphy

A

surgical repair of hernia

50
Q

Tension free (mesh) repairs

A

use of synthetic sheets

51
Q

what is the capsule of the testes?

A

Tunica albuginea

52
Q

Where is the primary site where sperm begins to develop?

A

Seminiferous tubules

53
Q

Layers of tunica vaginalis

A

Parietal layer
cavity
Visceral layer (inner most right on testes)

54
Q

Explain hydrocele

A

Presence of fluid of cavity in the tunica vaginalis
enlargement of testes
able to hold a light behind scrotum and see clear fluid through testis

55
Q

Varicocele is what?

A

Enlarges veins around scrotum

worm like

56
Q

anechoic ultrasound

A

Show black in US image

57
Q

Hypoechoic ultrasound

A

Reflect back but doesnt reflect as much compared to surrounding tissues

58
Q

Hyperechoic ultrasound

A

More reflective – shows up brighter

Anatomy 2020 (4 decks)

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