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MSK Exam 2 > Posterior Leg > Flashcards

Posterior Leg Flashcards

1
Q

How many compartments in the thigh are there?

A

3

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2
Q

What are the 3 compartments of the thigh?

A

Anterior, posterior, and lateral

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3
Q

How many sub-compartments is the posterior compartment of the thigh broken up into?

A
  1. The posterior superficial and posterior deep
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4
Q

Structures in a compartment of the leg share what?

A

Same general function, same nerve, and same artery/vein

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5
Q

What is the general function of the anterior compartment?

A

Extension at the knee

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6
Q

What is the nerve of the anterior compartment?

A

Femoral nerve

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7
Q

What is the general function of the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Flexion at the knee

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8
Q

What is the nerve of the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

The sciatic nerve

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9
Q

What is the general function of the lateral compartment of the thigh?

A

Abduction of the hip

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10
Q

What is the nerve of the lateral compartment of the thigh?

A

Obturator nerve

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11
Q

How many posterior groups of the leg are there? What are they?

A
  1. The superficial posterior group and the deep posterior group
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12
Q

What makes up the superficial posterior group of the leg? (3 muscles)

A

Gastrocnemius, plantaris, and soleus (GPS)

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13
Q

What makes up the deep posterior group of the leg? (4 muscles)

A

Popliteus, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior

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14
Q

Gastrocnemius origin and insertion?

A

O: Superior to medial femoral condyle (medial head), superior to lateral femoral condyle (lateral head)

I: Posterior surface of calaneous via the achilles tendon

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15
Q

What is the other name for the achilles tendon?

A

tendo calcaneus

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16
Q

Fabella

A

Lateral head of gastrocnemius may have sesamoid bone close to its proximal attachments. A painful fabellar stress fracture may accompany a total knee replacement

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17
Q

Soleus origin and insertion

A

O: The soleal line of the tibia & fibula.
I: Achilles Tendon

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18
Q

Triceps surae is made of what?

A

The soleus and 2 heads of the gastrocnemius

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19
Q

Action of surae

A

Plantarflexion

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20
Q

Plantaris action

A

Weak plantar flexion and flexion at the knee. Proposed to have proprioceptive ability due to high amount of proprioceptive receptors.

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21
Q

What muscle does popliteus lie deep to?

22
Q

Name of septum that separates the anterior compartment from the lateral compartment?

A

The anterior septum

23
Q

Name of the septum that separates the lateral compartment from the posterior compartment?

A

The posterior septum

24
Q

Name of membrane that separates the anterior compartment from the posterior deep compartment?

A

The interosseous membrane

25
Q

Name of the septum that separates that posterior deep compartment from the posterior superficial compartment?

A

The transverse septum

26
Q

What muscle forms the inferior floor of the popliteal fossa?

A

The popliteus

27
Q

Origin and insertion of the popliteus muscle?

A

O: lateral femoral condyle and lateral meniscus

I: Posterior tibia

28
Q

Function of the popliteus muscle?

A

Unlocks an extended leg by laterally rotating femur on a stationary tibia.

Weakly flexes the leg.

29
Q

4 major arteries of the genicular anastomosis?

A

Superior lateral genicular, inferior lateral genicular, superior medial genicular, inferior medial genicular

30
Q

Flexor Hallucis Longus attachments

A

fibula to base of distal phalanx of great toe

31
Q

Function of the flexor hallucis longus

A

Flex at the great toe. Plantarflex at the ankle joint

32
Q

Where is the groove for the flexor hallucis longus tendon?

A

In-between the lateral and medial tubercle

33
Q

What does the calcaneus articulate with superiorly?

34
Q

What does the calcaneus articulate with anteriorly?

35
Q

Sustentaculum tali

A

Shelf like projection that supports the talus and provides groove for flexor hallucis longus

36
Q

Flexor digitorum longus origin and insertion?

A

O: posterior tibia

I: distal phalanx base of lateral 4 digits

37
Q

Action of the flexor digitorum longus m?

A

flexes lateral 4 digits. plantar flex foot at ankle joint

38
Q

Action of tibialis posterior?

A

Inversion and plantarflexion

39
Q

The navicular articulates with what anteriorly?

A

3 cuneiforms

40
Q

The navicular articulates with what posteriorly?

A

talus head

41
Q

The navicular articulates with what laterally?

42
Q

Dynamic arch of the foot is made up of what two support sections?

A

Dynamic and passive support

43
Q

Dynamic support is made up of what? (6)

A

Tibialis anterior, tibialis posterior, flexor hallucis longus, fibula’s longus, intrinsic plantar muscles (TTIFF)

44
Q

Passive support is made up of what? (4)

A

Plantar aponeurosis, plantar calcaneonavicular ligament, long plantar ligament, short plantar ligament

45
Q

What innervates the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Tibial nerve

46
Q

The tibial nerve passes between what muscles?

A

Deep to soleus, posterior to tibialis posterior

47
Q

What supplies blood to the posterior compartment?

A

The posterior tibial artery

48
Q

The posterior tibial artery ends by dividing into what?

A

The medial and lateral plantar arteries

49
Q

Where is the posterior tibial pulse palpated?

A

Between the posterior surface of the medial malleolus and medial border of the calcaneal tendon

50
Q

What is the posterior tibial pulse used for?

A

To examine patients with occlusive peripheral artery disease (intermittent claudication - impairment in walking)

51
Q

Intermittent claudication cause

A

Ischemia of the leg muscles due to narrowing or occlusion of leg arteries. Leg cramps and pain during walking

MSK Exam 2 (8 decks)

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