Foot Flashcards
Which two bones of the foot transfer weight?
The calcaneus and talus
Is the cuboid lateral or medial?
Lateral
Is the navicular lateral or medial?
Medial
When a foot is amputated, what joint do they usually go through?
The transverse tarsal joint
Plantar fasciitis is inflammation where?
At its proximal attachment (the calcaneus)
Causes of plantar fasciitis
running, worn out shoes with poor arch support, overweight
What might plantar fasciitis lead to?
heel spur or calcaneal spur. In particular the medial calcaneal tubercle
Two muscles of the dorsum of the foot?
Extensor hallucis brevis and extensor digitorum brevis
Where does extensor digitorum brevis insert?
Only on the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th digits of the feet
Innervation of the muscles of the dorsum of the foot?
The deep fibular nerve
First layer of plantar muscles? (3)
The abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, abductor digiti minimi
Second layer of plantar muscles?
Quadratus plantae, lumbricals
Origin and insertion of quadratus plantae?
O: Calcaneus
I: joins the tendon of FDL
Function of quadratus plantae?
Prevents flexor digitorum longus from pulling the digits of the toe laterally
Function of the lumbricals
flex the MTP joints, extend the PIP and DIP joints
Third layer of plantar muscles?
Flexor digiti minimi brevis, adductor hallucis (transverse and oblique head), flexor hallucis brevis
What is weird about flexor digiti minimi brevis?
There is no flexor digiti minimi longus
What is the midline of the foot?
The 2nd digit
The 2nd digit of the foot only has what muscles on it
Dorsal interossei, since it is the midline and cant adduct
Hallux valgus definition
lateral displacement of the great toe
Hallux valgus cause
wearing pointy shoes
What is mallet toe? When does it occur?
flexion of the DIP joint. When the 2nd or 3rd digit is longer than the 1st.
Hammer toe
extension at the MP joint, flexion at the proximal IP joint, extension at the distal IP joint
Claw toe
Extension at the MP joint, flexion at the PIP, and flexion at the DIP
What does the tibial nerve turn into terminally?
The medial and lateral plantar nerves
Medial plantar nerve
passes deep to abductor hallucis and runs anteriorly between abductor hallucis and flexor digitorum brevis
Lateral plantar nerve
passes deep to abductor hallucis, runs anterolaterally deep to flexor digitorum brevis, and terminates by dividing into superficial and deep branches
What does the medial plantar nerve innervate?
1st lumbrical, abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, flexor hallucis brevis
(1LAFF)
