Femoral Triangle Flashcards

1
Q

Floor of the femoral triangle contains what?

A

Pectineus and iliopsoas muscle

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2
Q

Roof of the femoral triangle contains what?

A

Fascia lata

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3
Q

Contents of the femoral triangle

A

Femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein, empty space with deep inguinal lymph nodes (femoral canal)

mnemonic = NAVEL (going towards the navel)

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4
Q

Boundaries of the femoral triangle

A

Lateral border = Sartorius
Medial border = adductor longus
Base = inguinal ligament

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5
Q

Femoral sheath

A

Funnel shaped continuation of transversalis fascia

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6
Q

The femoral sheath encloses what part of the femoral vessel and canal?

A

The proximal part

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7
Q

Femoral sheath ends how far distally to the inguinal ligament?

A

4-10 cm

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8
Q

Femoral ring

A

The space that allows the femoral vein to distend in situations of hypertension and increased venous return. q

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9
Q

What 2 things may you find in the femoral ring?

A
  1. ) Deep inguinal lymph nodes

2. ) Potential opening for a hernia

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10
Q

Femoral hernia

A

protrusion of abdominal viscera (often a loop of small intes- tine) through the femoral ring into the femoral canal.

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11
Q

Why do most inguinal hernias occur in males?

A

inguinal hernias (approximately 86%) occur in males because of the passage of the spermatic cord through the inguinal canal

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12
Q

What percentage of hernias are indirect hernias?

A

2/3

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13
Q

Do males have more inguinal or femoral hernias?

A

inguinal

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14
Q

Do females have more inguinal or femoral hernias?

A

(f)emoral

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15
Q

Indirect inguinal hernia

A

protrusion through the inguinal ring and result of the failure of embryonic closure of the processes vaginalis after the testicle passes through it. This is congenital

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16
Q

Direct inguinal hernia

A

enters through a weak point in the fascia of the abdominal wall (hesselbach triangle)

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17
Q

Inguinal lymph nodes drain from where?

A

lower limb (gluteal region), perineum & anal canal, anterior abdominal wall up to umbillicus

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18
Q

Two groups of inguinal lymph nodes

A

Superficial and deep

19
Q

Two types of superficial lymph nodes

A

Proximal (horizontal) and distal (vertical)

20
Q

Proximal (horizontal) superficial inguinal lymph nodes

A

Lie in the superficial fascia 1 cm inferior to the inguinal ligament. Drain into the external iliac lymph nodes

21
Q

Distal (vertical) superficial inguinal lymph nodes

A

Lie along each side of the great saphenous vein. Drain into the external iliac lymph nodes

22
Q

Where does the great saphenous vein meet with the femoral vein?

A

In the saphenous opening

23
Q

Deep inguinal lymph nodes

A

1-3 nodes which lie along the femoral vein inside the femoral sheath or canal. Drain into the external iliac lymph nodes

24
Q

Femoral nerve

A

Largest branch of the lumbar plexus

25
Q

Where does the femoral nerve enter the thigh?

A

Just lateral to the midpoint of the inguinal ligament and lateral to the femoral vessels

26
Q

What muscles does the femoral nerve innervate?

A

Sartorius, Quadriceps femoris, Illiacus, and Pectineus

mnemonic = Some Questions I Ponder

27
Q

Meralgia paresthetica

A

compression of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve as it passes under the inguinal ligament. It causes pain along the lateral thigh

28
Q

Saphenous nerve

A

The distal cutaneous branch of the femoral nerve that accompanies the femoral vessels

29
Q

Where the the saphenous nerve become superficial?

A

between sartorius and gracilis

30
Q

What does the saphenous nerve supply?

A

The anterior and medial knee and leg and the medial foot.

31
Q

Adductor canal

A

Intermuscular passage or fascial tunnel that contains the superficial femoral artery, femoral vein, and branches of the femoral nerve

32
Q

Where does the adductor canal begin and end

A

Begins at the apex of the femoral triangle and ends at the adductor hiatus

33
Q

Adductor hiatus

A

Opening in tendon of adductor Magnus. Femoral vessels reach the popliteal fossa via this archway

34
Q

What artery is the chief arterial supply to the lower limb?

A

Femoral artery

35
Q

The femoral artery gives rise to what?

A

The descending genicular artery (around the knee)

36
Q

The descending genicular artery gives rise to what branches?

A

Articular and saphenous branch

37
Q

Profunda Femoris supplies what?

A

The proximal femur

38
Q

What does profunda femoris give rise to?

A

The medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries

39
Q

Medial circumflex femoral artery supplies what?

A

It is the primary supply to the femoral head and neck

40
Q

Lateral circumflex femoral artery supplies what? What are its 3 branches?

A

Lateral thigh muscles and femur head.

Ascending, transverse, and descending

41
Q

The great saphenous vein can be used for what?

A

Venous access and coronary bypass surgery

42
Q

Saphenous cutdown

A

Removing a piece of the saphenous vein for access to the venous system. During this procedure the saphenous nerve may be nicked which results in numbness of the medial border of the foot.

43
Q

Originating site of a femoral hernia

A

The femoral ring

44
Q

Why are femoral hernias more common in females?

A

Wider pelvis