Posterior Leg

Question 1

Crural Fascia

Answer 1

Thick Septa - anterior, lateral, posterior

Structures in compartments share: same general functions, nerve, artery and vein

Question 2

Posterior (Flexor Calf) Compartment

Answer 2

Transverse septa divides post. compartment into 2 groups

1. superficial posterior group
2. deep posterior groups

Tibial n and post. tibial vessels are deep to transverse crural intermuscular setpum

Question 3

Superficial Posterior Group

Answer 3

gastrocnemius

soleus - triceps surae

plantaris

Question 4

Deep Posterior Group

Answer 4

popliteus

flexor hallucis longus

flexor digitorum longus

tibialis posterior

Question 5

Clinical Significance - Gastrocnemius

Answer 5

fabella - lateral head may have sesamoid bone close to its proximal attachment

may provide leverage for lateral head of gastroc. - painfullar stress fracture may accompany total knee replacement

Question 6

Clinical Anatomy: Plantaris

Answer 6

long tendon commonly used in reconstructive surgery of hand tendons (removal does not affect knee or ankle movement)

possibility of rupture during violent ankle movements

Question 7

Talus: Posterior Process

Answer 7

medial and lateral tubercle - groove for flexor hallucis longus tendon

Question 8

Calcaneus

Answer 8

largest foot bone that articulates with:

1. superiorly - talus
2. anteriorly - cuboid

sustentaculum tali - shelf like projection that supports talus and provides groove for flextor hallucis longus

Question 9

Navicular

Answer 9

Articulates with:

1. posteriorly - talus head
2. anteriorly - 3 cuneiforms
3. laterally - cuboid

Navicular tuberosity - tibialis posterior attachment

Question 10

Dynamic Arch of Foot - Dynamic Support

Answer 10

Tibialis posterior

Tibialis anterior

Flexor hallucis longus

Fibularis longus

Intrinsic plantar mm

Question 11

Dynamic Arch of Foot - Passive support

Answer 11

plantar aponeurosis

long plantar ligament

short plantar ligament

plantar calcaneonavicular ligament

Question 12

Tibial n.

Answer 12

supplies all posterior compartment mm

passes with posterior tibial vessels

leaves posterior compartment by passing deep to flexor retinaculum between medial malleolus and calcaneus

Question 13

Posterior tibial artery

Answer 13

gives rise to fibular artery

ends by divinding into medial and lateral plantar arteries

Question 14

Fibular artery

Answer 14

Largest branch of posterior tibial artery

vascularizes posterior and lateral comparments

ends by percing interosseous membrane and anastomosing with anterior lateral malleolar artery

Question 15

Clinical Anatomy: Posterior Tibial Artery

Answer 15

Posterior tibial pulse palpated b/w:

1. posterior surfae of medial malleolus
2. medial border of calcaneal tendon
3. deep to flexor retinaculum

inversion of foot will relax retinaculum

Question 16

Clinical Anatomy: Posterior Tibial Pulse

Answer 16

intermittent claudication - occlusive peripheral arterial disease

condition caused by ischemia of leg mm due to narrowing or occulusion of leg arteries

characterized by leg cramps and pain during walking (disappears after rest)