Foot and Ankle Flashcards
Longitudinal arch
Medial- calcaneus, talus, navicular, three cuneiforms, and medial three metatarsals
Lateral- calcaneus, cuboid and lateral two metatarsals
Transverse arch
Runs between medial and lateral longitudinal arches
Formed by cuboid, three cuneiforms, and metatarsal bases
Dynamic support
Tibialis anterior and posterior
Flexor hallucis longus
Intrinsic plantar muscles
Passive support
plantar aponeurosis
short and long plantar ligaments
plantar calcaneonavicular ligaments (spring ligament)
Pes Transversoplanus
Loss of transverse arch
Pes planus
Loss of longitudinal arch
Medial parts of longitudinal arch
Plantar ligaments and plantar aponeurosis become abnormally stretched
Spring ligament no longer supports the talus head
-causes taller head to displace inferomedially and become prominent
Hallux valgus
foot deformity with lateral deviation of big toe
surrounding tissues swell and pressure causes bursa to form
Tender and inflamed bursa is a bunion
Corns (inflamed areas of thick skin) over proximal IP joint
Mallet toe
Flexion at the distal IP joint
Hammer toe
Extension at the MP joint and flexion at the proximal I{ joint
Claw toe
Extension at the MP joint and flexion at both the proximal and distal IP joint
Trigger toe
If the deformity occurs in the large toe. Extend MP, flex IP,
Medial or Deltoid Ligament
Stabilizes ankle joint during eversion
- Anterior tibio-talar part
- Tibionavicular part
- Tibiocalcaneal part
- Posterior tibiotalar part
Sprained ankle
Anterior talo-fibular ligament
High ankle sprain
Posterior tibiofibular ligament
Anterior tibiofibular ligament
Transverse Tarsal joint
Consists of: talonavicular joint and calcaneocuboid joint
Working together permit slight rotation and add to inversion and eversion at the talocalcaneal joint
This is where surgical amputation takes place
