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GI > Posterior Body Wall > Flashcards

Posterior Body Wall Flashcards

1
Q

features of kidney

A
  • primary retroperitoneal
  • located in paravertebral gutter
    right kidney: TV12-LV3; left kidney: TV11-LV2

anteriorly: right kidney: lies liver, duodenum, ascending colon

Anteriorly: left kidney: lies stomach, spleen, pancreas, jejunum, descending colon

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2
Q

features of kidney

A
  • primary retroperitoneal
  • located in paravertebral gutter
    right kidney: TV12-LV3; left kidney: TV11-LV2

anteriorly: right kidney: lies liver, duodenum, ascending colon

Anteriorly: left kidney: lies stomach, spleen, pancreas, jejunum, descending colon

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3
Q

Renal fat

A

Pararenal fat is found external to the renal fascia

Perirenal fat is found b/w the kidney and renal fascia

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4
Q

Renal Cortex

A

glomeruli, proximal and distal convoluted tubules

contains medullary rays

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5
Q

Renal Medulla

A

primarily contains collecting tubules organized into renal pyramids
- also contains cortical columns
- renal papillae: apex of renal pyramid; directed toward renal sinus
minor calyx = surround and drain renal papillae –> drain into major calyx

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6
Q

Renal Arteries

A

lateral paired branches of aorta (LV1/LV2)

- right renal aa. is longer than left and passes posterior to IVC

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7
Q

Renal vv.

A

course anterior to renal aa.

  • drain directly to IVC
  • left renal v. is longer and also receives left gonadal, left inferior phrenic, and left suprarenal v. before joining the IVC
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8
Q

Renal v. entrapment

A

“nutcracker syndrome”
left renal v. passes b/w SMA and aorta and can be compressed
- may cause hematuria, ab. pain, left testicular pain

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9
Q

ureter

A

primary retroperitoneal

- transports urine from kidney to urinary bladder

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10
Q

3 constriction sites of ureter

A

where kidney stones often lodge

  • renal pelvis/ureteric jn.
  • passage over pelvic brim
  • entry into urinary bladder
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11
Q

arterial supply of ureter

A

upper 1/3: renal a/v

middle: gonadal, aorta, common iliac
lower: internal illiac

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12
Q

suprarenal glands

A

fn: endocrine organ; secretes coritsol, Aldo, Epi, NE
- primary retroperitoneal
- cortex: production of steroids
- medulla: production of symp. neurons
- arterial supply: superior, middle, inferior suprarenal aa.
- venous drainage via suprarenal v. (rt. drains directly to IC, left is joined with inferior phrenic v. before draining to IVC)
- lymph drainage to lumbar lymph nodes

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13
Q

central tendon of diaphragm

A

3 leaves: right, left, central

- attached to pericardium via pericardiacophrenic ligament

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14
Q

3 muscular parts of diaphragm

A

sternal: small, anterior portion attached to xiphoid
costal: large lateral, attached to internal surfaces of ribs 7-12
lumbar portion:
- right crus: attaches LV1-3
- left crus: attaches LV1-2

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15
Q

Median arcuate ligament

A

tendinous arch b/w right and left crura

forms aortic hiatus TV12

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16
Q

medial arcuate ligament

A

tendinous arch spanning from body to transverse process of LV1
- arches over psoas major

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17
Q

lateral arcuate ligament

A

tendinous arch spanning from transverse process of LV1 to 12th rib - arches over quadratus lumborum

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18
Q

lumbocostal triangle

A

area of muscular weakness between costal and lumbar portions of diaphragm - common site for abdominal viscera to herniate through into thorax

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19
Q

Caval hiatus

A

TV8

- within central tendon

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20
Q

esophageal hiatus

A

TV10
passes through right crus
transmits esophagus, ant/post vagal trunks, branches of left gastric a.

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21
Q

aortic hiatus

A

TV12
passes betwen left and rigth crus
transmits aorta and thoracic duct

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22
Q

phrenic n.

A

C3,4,5

diaphragm

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23
Q

phrenic nerve sectioning

A

results in paralysis of 1/2 of diaphragm - and permanent elevation of diaphragm and paradoxical mvmt. during respiration

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24
Q

where does diaphragm pain refer?

A

C3,4,5 and thoracic wall from intercostal nn.

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25
Q

arterial supply of diaphragm

A

superior phrenic aa. from thoracic aorta
inferior phrenic aa. from abdomina aorta
pericadiacophrenic and musculophrenic from internal thoracic a.

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26
Q

venous drainage of diaphragm?

A

superior phrenic v. to IVC
pericardiacophrenic vv. and musculophrenic vv. to internal thoracic v.
inferior phrenic v. (right to IVC left merges with suprarenal v.)

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27
Q

lymph drainage of diaphragm

A

eventually all go to thoracic duct

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28
Q

Psoas Major

A

O: bodies and transverse proceses of TV12-LV5; intervertebral bodies
I: lesser trochanter
A: flexion of thigh, flexion of vertebral column
N: ventral rami L1-3`

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29
Q

Psoas Minor

A

O: bodies TV12-LV1; intervertebral disc
I: iliopectineal eminence
A: flexion of vertebral column
N: vnetral rami of L1

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30
Q

Iliacus

A

O: iliac fossa
I: lesser trochanter
A: flexion of thigh
N: femoral n.

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31
Q

Quadratus lumoborum

A

O: iliac crest
I: 12th rib
A: extends/sides bends INSPIRATION
N: ventral rami T12-L4

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32
Q

Iliopsos test

A

pain upon extension of thigh can indicate abdominal infection b/c relation of psoas major to viscera of kidneys, ureters, pancreas, appendix, cecum, sigmoid colon. infection can spreads from these organs to psoas

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33
Q

subcostal n.

A

T12

- provides cutaneous and motor innervation to anterior body wall

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34
Q

lumbar plexus

A

ventral rami L1-5
provides sensory innervation to lower abdomen
provides motor to anteroloateral abdominal wall, posterior abdominal wall, lower limb

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35
Q

iliohypogastric n

A

L1
suprapubic
forms posterior to medial arcuate ligament; arches over quadratus lumboarum, pierces transversus abdominis to run b/w it and IAO
- near ASIS pierces IAO and runs between EAO
- ends by providing suprapubic cutaneous branches

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36
Q

ilioinguinal n.

A

L1

  • inferior to iliohypogastric
  • near ASIS pierces IAO to run b/w EAO
  • enters inguinal canal and provides anterior scrotal/anterior labial branches
37
Q

femoral n.

A

L2-4
lateral to psoas major, runs across iliacus to pass deep to inguinal ligament
- motor and sensory to lower limb

38
Q

lateral cutaneous femoral n.

A

L2,3

- lateral to psoas major, passes under inguinal ligament near ASIS to enter thigh, provides sensory info to thigh

39
Q

genitofemoral n.

A

L1,2

  • pierces psoas major
  • genital branch enters inguinal canal to innervate cremaster muscle
  • femoral branch passes under inguinal ligament to provide cutaneous innervation to anterior thigh
40
Q

obturator n.

A

L2-4

- medial to psoas major, runs alonger lateral pelvic wall, provides sensory and motor to medial thigh

41
Q

lumbosacral trunk

A

L4-5

- descends over pelvic brim to join sacral plexus

42
Q

Branches of aorta

A 
inferior phrenic a. TV12
celiac trunk TV12
SMA LV1
Middle suprarenal LV1
Renal LV1/2
Gonadal LV2
IMA LV3
median sacral LV4
common iliac LV4
43
Q

anterior branches of aorta

A

celiac: T12
SMA: L1
IMA L3

44
Q

Posterolateral branches of aorta

A

Subcostal T12
Inferior phrenic T12
Lumbar L1-4

45
Q

Posterolateral branches of aorta

A

Subcostal T12
Inferior phrenic T12
Lumbar L1-4

46
Q

Renal fat

A

Pararenal fat is found external to the renal fascia

Perirenal fat is found b/w the kidney and renal fascia

47
Q

Renal Cortex

A

glomeruli, proximal and distal convoluted tubules

contains medullary rays

48
Q

Renal Medulla

A

primarily contains collecting tubules organized into renal pyramids
- also contains cortical columns
- renal papillae: apex of renal pyramid; directed toward renal sinus
minor calyx = surround and drain renal papillae –> drain into major calyx

49
Q

Renal Arteries

A

lateral paired branches of aorta (LV1/LV2)

- right renal aa. is longer than left and passes posterior to IVC

50
Q

Renal vv.

A

course anterior to renal aa.

  • drain directly to IVC
  • left renal v. is longer and also receives left gonadal, left inferior phrenic, and left suprarenal v. before joining the IVC
51
Q

Renal v. entrapment

A

“nutcracker syndrome”
left renal v. passes b/w SMA and aorta and can be compressed
- may cause hematuria, ab. pain, left testicular pain

52
Q

ureter

A

primary retroperitoneal

- transports urine from kidney to urinary bladder

53
Q

3 constriction sites of ureter

A

where kidney stones often lodge

  • renal pelvis/ureteric jn.
  • passage over pelvic brim
  • entry into urinary bladder
54
Q

arterial supply of ureter

A

upper 1/3: renal a/v

middle: gonadal, aorta, common iliac
lower: internal illiac

55
Q

suprarenal glands

A

fn: endocrine organ; secretes coritsol, Aldo, Epi, NE
- primary retroperitoneal
- cortex: production of steroids
- medulla: production of symp. neurons
- arterial supply: superior, middle, inferior suprarenal aa.
- venous drainage via suprarenal v. (rt. drains directly to IC, left is joined with inferior phrenic v. before draining to IVC)
- lymph drainage to lumbar lymph nodes

56
Q

central tendon of diaphragm

A

3 leaves: right, left, central

- attached to pericardium via pericardiacophrenic ligament

57
Q

3 muscular parts of diaphragm

A

sternal: small, anterior portion attached to xiphoid
costal: large lateral, attached to internal surfaces of ribs 7-12
lumbar portion:
- right crus: attaches LV1-3
- left crus: attaches LV1-2

58
Q

Median arcuate ligament

A

tendinous arch b/w right and left crura

forms aortic hiatus TV12

59
Q

medial arcuate ligament

A

tendinous arch spanning from body to transverse process of LV1
- arches over psoas major

60
Q

lateral arcuate ligament

A

tendinous arch spanning from transverse process of LV1 to 12th rib - arches over quadratus lumborum

61
Q

lumbocostal triangle

A

area of muscular weakness between costal and lumbar portions of diaphragm - common site for abdominal viscera to herniate through into thorax

62
Q

Caval hiatus

A

TV8

- within central tendon

63
Q

esophageal hiatus

A

TV10
passes through right crus
transmits esophagus, ant/post vagal trunks, branches of left gastric a.

64
Q

aortic hiatus

A

TV12
passes betwen left and rigth crus
transmits aorta and thoracic duct

65
Q

phrenic n.

A

C3,4,5

diaphragm

66
Q

phrenic nerve sectioning

A

results in paralysis of 1/2 of diaphragm - and permanent elevation of diaphragm and paradoxical mvmt. during respiration

67
Q

where does diaphragm pain refer?

A

C3,4,5 and thoracic wall from intercostal nn.

68
Q

arterial supply of diaphragm

A

superior phrenic aa. from thoracic aorta
inferior phrenic aa. from abdomina aorta
pericadiacophrenic and musculophrenic from internal thoracic a.

69
Q

venous drainage of diaphragm?

A

superior phrenic v. to IVC
pericardiacophrenic vv. and musculophrenic vv. to internal thoracic v.
inferior phrenic v. (right to IVC left merges with suprarenal v.)

70
Q

lymph drainage of diaphragm

A

eventually all go to thoracic duct

71
Q

Psoas Major

A

O: bodies and transverse proceses of TV12-LV5; intervertebral bodies
I: lesser trochanter
A: flexion of thigh, flexion of vertebral column
N: ventral rami L1-3`

72
Q

Psoas Minor

A

O: bodies TV12-LV1; intervertebral disc
I: iliopectineal eminence
A: flexion of vertebral column
N: vnetral rami of L1

73
Q

Iliacus

A

O: iliac fossa
I: lesser trochanter
A: flexion of thigh
N: femoral n.

74
Q

Quadratus lumoborum

A

O: iliac crest
I: 12th rib
A: extends/sides bends INSPIRATION
N: ventral rami T12-L4

75
Q

Iliopsos test

A

pain upon extension of thigh can indicate abdominal infection b/c relation of psoas major to viscera of kidneys, ureters, pancreas, appendix, cecum, sigmoid colon. infection can spreads from these organs to psoas

76
Q

subcostal n.

A

T12

- provides cutaneous and motor innervation to anterior body wall

77
Q

lumbar plexus

A

ventral rami L1-5
provides sensory innervation to lower abdomen
provides motor to anteroloateral abdominal wall, posterior abdominal wall, lower limb

78
Q

iliohypogastric n

A

L1
suprapubic
forms posterior to medial arcuate ligament; arches over quadratus lumboarum, pierces transversus abdominis to run b/w it and IAO
- near ASIS pierces IAO and runs between EAO
- ends by providing suprapubic cutaneous branches

79
Q

ilioinguinal n.

A

L1

  • inferior to iliohypogastric
  • near ASIS pierces IAO to run b/w EAO
  • enters inguinal canal and provides anterior scrotal/anterior labial branches
80
Q

femoral n.

A

L2-4
lateral to psoas major, runs across iliacus to pass deep to inguinal ligament
- motor and sensory to lower limb

81
Q

lateral cutaneous femoral n.

A

L2,3

- lateral to psoas major, passes under inguinal ligament near ASIS to enter thigh, provides sensory info to thigh

82
Q

genitofemoral n.

A

L1,2

  • pierces psoas major
  • genital branch enters inguinal canal to innervate cremaster muscle
  • femoral branch passes under inguinal ligament to provide cutaneous innervation to anterior thigh
83
Q

obturator n.

A

L2-4

- medial to psoas major, runs alonger lateral pelvic wall, provides sensory and motor to medial thigh

84
Q

lumbosacral trunk

A

L4-5

- descends over pelvic brim to join sacral plexus

85
Q

Branches of aorta

A 
inferior phrenic a. TV12
celiac trunk TV12
SMA LV1
Middle suprarenal LV1
Renal LV1/2
Gonadal LV2
IMA LV3
median sacral LV4
common iliac LV4
86
Q

anterior branches of aorta

A

celiac: T12
SMA: L1
IMA L3

87
Q

lateral branches of aorta

A

suprarenal L1
Renal L1
Gonadal L2

88
Q

Posterolateral branches of aorta

A

Subcostal T12
Inferior phrenic T12
Lumbar L1-4

GI (12 decks)

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