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GI > Histo: GI tract: mouth --> Rectum > Flashcards

Histo: GI tract: mouth --> Rectum Flashcards

1
Q

oral cavity?

A

startified squamous noncornified

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2
Q

3 salivary glands?

A
  1. parotid
  2. submandibular
  3. sublingual
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3
Q

salivary gland products?

A
  1. salivary amylase –> carbs
  2. lactoferrin and lysozymes –> antibacterial
  3. secretaory IgA: immune
    4: HCO3-: minimizes tooth decay and neutralizes heart burn
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4
Q

Parotid gland

A

dark pink cells
H20 based
SEROUS
product: salivary amylase

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5
Q

Submandibular gland

A

mixed: MOSTLY SEROUS
serous demilunes created
serous: produce salivary amylase
mucous: produce mucins

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6
Q

Sublingual glands

A

“light pink cells” fat based

Mixed, MOSTLY MUCOUS

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7
Q

crown

A

visible portion of teeth

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8
Q

cervix

A

neck of tooth

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9
Q

alveolous

A

bony socket of tooth

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10
Q

enamel

A

made by ameoblasts before rupturing

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11
Q

dentin

A

made by odontoblasts, can be regenerated, not as hard as enamel

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12
Q

glands of tongue

A

mucous: fatty, light pink = glands of Nuhn
serous: darker pink; H2o based = von ebner’s glands

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13
Q

sulcus terminalis

A

separates anterior 2/3 from posterior 1/3

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14
Q

foramen cecum

A

deep concavity in middle of tongue

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15
Q

4 lingual papillae?

A
  1. Filliform: “scrapers” no taste buds
  2. Fungiform: “mushrooms” have taste buds
  3. Circumvallate: 8-12, anterior to sulcus terminalis, have taste buds.
  4. Foliate papillae: vertical furrows, no taste buds
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16
Q

ductal cells of salivary gland

A

reabsorb Na/Cl ; secrete K/HCO3

results in hypotonicity of saliva

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17
Q

4 layers of gut tube?

A
  1. Mucosa (epithelium, LP, Muscularis mucosa)
  2. submucosa
  3. muscularis externa
  4. adventitia/serosa
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18
Q

Mucosa

A

innermost layer

  1. epithelium: protective, secratory, absorptive
  2. LP: loose CT tissue
  3. muscularis mucosa: inner circular layer, outer longitudinal layer
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19
Q

submucosa

A

layer of CT w/ elastic fibers
provides mobility for mucosa
contains plexuses, nnn. PS ganglia

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20
Q

muscularis externa

A

maintains tone, propels bolus

inner circular layer, outer longitudinal layer

21
Q

adventitia/serosa

A

outermost layer of dense CT

SEROSA = completely covered

22
Q

pits/crypts

A

invaginations of GI tract as progresses down

evaginations = vili

23
Q

goblet cells

A

increase in number as go down GI tract

NO GOBLET CELLS IN STOMACH

24
Q

esophagus

A

stratified squamous, noncornified

submucosa: in star shape

25
Q

cardioesophageal jn.

A

cardiac sphincter

change from stratified squamous to simple columnar

26
Q

stomach

A

simple columnar

submucosa: extended into ruggae

27
Q

cardiac region

A

surface mucous cells

undifferentiated cells

28
Q

fundic region

A

mucous neck cells
parietal cells
zymogenic chief cells
enteroendocrine cells

29
Q

pyloric region

A

mucous neck cells

G cells

30
Q

surface mucous cells:

A

secrete pH neutral mucous to protect stomach epithelium

31
Q

mucous neck cells

A

secrete acidic mucous and HCO3-

32
Q

parietal cells

A

secrete HCl which activates pepsinogen

secrete IF

33
Q

chief cells

A

produce enzymes pepsinogen: protein digesetion

lipase: initiates fat digestion

34
Q

gastric enteroendocrine cells “ G cells”

A

secrete gastrin

35
Q

microvilli

A

cytoplasmic projectsions seen throughout GI

36
Q

villi

A

seen only in small intestine

37
Q

plicae circulares

A

seen in SI - circular folds

none seen in ileum

38
Q

3 glands of small intestine?

A

exocrine glands: pancreas and liver
submucosal glands: “brunner’s glands” secrete mucous; basic pH
intestinal crypts: mucosal glands

39
Q

small intestine

A

simple columnar epithelium

  1. enteroendocrine cells
  2. paneth cells
  3. M cells
40
Q

enteroendocrine cells

A

secrete GIP, somatostatin, motilin, produce hormones to stimulate cells

41
Q

paneth cells

A

secrete lysozyme and peptide defensins to defend against bacteria

42
Q

M cells

A

capture Ag’s and present to APs in SI

43
Q

Peyer’s patches

A

lymph nodules where m cells are found in SI

44
Q

large intestines

A

no villi
intestinal crypts are longer and more closely packed
simple columnar epithelium
numerous goblet cells

45
Q

plica semilunares

A

produce sacculation of haustra b/c of longitudinal layer of tenia coli

46
Q

rectum

A

muscularis externa incomplete

plicae transversales: 2 lt, 1 rt

47
Q

rectoanal junction

A

where retum becomes anal canal

48
Q

pectinate line

A

peithelium changes from endodermally derived simple columnar to ectodermally derived stratified squamous non-cornified

49
Q

anal verge

A

becomes stratified squamous cornified

termination of anal canal

GI (12 decks)

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