Posterior Axioappendicular & Scapulohumeral Muscles

Question 1

Superficial group

Answer 1

Trapezius

Latissimus Dorsi

Question 2

Deep group

Answer 2

Levator Scapulae
Rhomboid Major
Rhomboid Minor

Question 3

Trapezius

Answer 3

PA- Superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, SPs of C7-T12 vertebrae
DA- Lat 1/3 of clavicle, acromion and spine of the scapula
N/S- Accessory nerve/C3,4 spinal nerves
A-
Superior: elevates scapula
Middle (and all parts together): retracts scapula
Inferior: depresses scapula
Superior & inferior together: rotate glenoid fossa superiorly

Question 4

Latissimus Dorsi

Answer 4

PA - SPs of inferior 6 thoracic vert, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inferior 3-4 ribs
DA - Floor of the intertubercular groove
N/S- Thoracodorsal nerve
A- Extends, adducts and medially rotates the humerus

Question 5

Levator Scapulae

Answer 5

PA- TPs C1-4 vertebrae
DA- Medial border of the scapula superior to the spine of the scapula
N/S- Dorsal scapular nerve & Cervical nerves C3,4
A- Elevates scapula and inferiorly rotates glenoid fossa

Question 6

Rhomboids Major & Minor

Answer 6

PA- Minor: nuchal lig, SPs of C7-T1; Major: SPs of T2-T5
DA- Minor: medial end of scapula spine; Major: medial border of scapula, below the spine
N/S- Dorsal scapular nerve
A- Retract scapula, inferiorly rotate glenoid fossa, fix scapula against thoracic wall

Question 7

Scapulohumeral Muscles

Answer 7

1. Deltoid
2. Teres major

(Rotator Cuff Muscles)

3. Supraspinatus
4. Teres minor
5. Infraspinatus
6. Subscapularis

Question 8

Deltoid

Answer 8

PA- Lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula
DA- Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
N/S- Axillary nerve 
A- 
   Anterior: flexes and medially
   rotates arm
   Middle part: abducts arm
   Posterior part: extends and 
   laterally rotates arm

Question 9

Teres Major

Answer 9

PA- Posterior surface of Inferior angle of scapula
DA- Medial lip of the intertubercular groove
N/S- Lower subscapular nerve
A- Adducts and medially rotates the arm

Question 10

Supraspinatus

Answer 10

PA- Supraspinous fossa of scapula
DA- Superior facet of the greater tubercle of humerus
N/S- Suprascapular nerve
A- Initiates and assists deltoid in abduction of arm, stabilizes GH joint

Question 11

Infraspinatus

Answer 11

PA- Infraspinous fossa of scapula
DA- Middle facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus
N/S- Suprascapular nerve
A- Laterally rotates humerus, stabilises GH joint

Question 12

Teres Minor

Answer 12

PA- Middle part of the lateral border of the scapula
DA- Inferior facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus
N/S- Axillary nerve
A- Laterally rotates humerus, stabilises GH joint

Question 13

Subscapularis

Answer 13

PA- Subscapular fossa
DA- Lesser tubercle of the humerus
N/S- Upper & lower subscapular nerves
A- Medially rotates arm, stabilises the GH joint

Question 14

Attachments to Greater Tubercle

Answer 14

Superior facet- supraspinatus
Middle facet – infraspinatus
Inferior facet – teres minor

Question 15

Relationship of supraspinatus with GH joint and subacromial bursa

Answer 15

Supraspinatus is separated from coracoacromial arch by subacromial bursa.

These structures can be impinged (squashed) within this space resulting in inflammation, pain and/or dysfunction