Posterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards
greater splanchnic nerve
T5-T9
lesser splanchnic nerve
T10-T11
least splanchnic nerve
T12
lumbar and sacral splanchnic nerves originate in the _
abdomen
splanchnic nerves are _
preganglionic
splanchnic nerves terminate _
on prevertebral ganglia
parasympathetics involve the _
vagus nerves and pelvic splanchnics
congenital megacolon (Hirschsprung’s Disease)
congenital defect where parasympathetic postganglionic and enteric neurons in pelvis fail to migrate out to all or part of the gut
congenital megacolon symptoms
cramping and constipation due to loss of peristaltic movement and constriction of hindgut
pain follows _
sympathetic splanchnic nerves
reflex follows _
parasympathetic vagus and pelvic splanchnics
pancreatic disease pain
upper abdomen and back
liver & gallbladder disease pain
right upper quadrant and back, also shoulder via phrenic nerve
ureters descend along the _
psoas major muscle
ureters cross posterior to _
gonadal vessels and uterine artery
ureters cross anterior to _
external iliac vessels
ureter blood supply
renal, gonadal, common iliac, and vesical arteries
diaphragm origin
lower ribs & lumbar vertebrae
diaphragm insertion
central tendon
diaphragm action
inspiration
diaphragm motor innervation
C3-C5
diaphragm sensory innervation
phrenic nerve (C3-C5) and intercostal nerves (T5-T12)
diaphragm blood supply
superior phrenic, musculophrenic, pericardiophrenic, and inferior phrenic
diaphragm openings
IVC (T8), esophageal hiatus (T10), aortic hiatus (T12)
quadratus lumborum action
extend or laterally flex spine
psoas minor action
flex spine
iliopsoas
where iliacus and psoas major join together
iliopsoas action
flex thigh and/or flex spine
What is in the lesser sac or omental bursa?
peritoneal fluid
The lesser sac is bound by what organs?
stomach (anterior), transverse colon (inferior), pancreas (posterior), liver (superior), spleen (left)
What organs bound both the lesser and greater sacs?
stomach, transverse colon, liver, spleen
What ligaments make up the lesser omentum?
hepatogastric and hepatoduodenal
The lesser omentum is derived from which fetal mesentery?
ventral
The lesser omentum is _ peritoneum?
visceral
What organs are intraperitoneal?
stomach, duodenal cap, jejunum, ileum, cecum & appendix, transverse colon, sigmoid colon, spleen, and liver
What is the remains of the gubernaculum in the female?
ligament of the ovary and round ligament of the uterus
What muscles combine to form the conjoint tendon?
internal abdominis oblique & transverse abdominis
The cremaster muscle is derived from what abdominal muscle?
internal abdominis oblique
The cremaster muscle is innervated by?
the genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
What is the Dartos muscle?
smooth muscle in Dartos fascia of scrotum
What is the function of the Dartos muscle?
temperature regulation of the testes
What is the innervation of the Dartos muscle?
sympathetic innervation via scrotal cutaneous nerves
What are the three branches of the celiac artery?
left gastric, common hepatic, and splenic
What arteries supply the pancreas?
celiac (anterior and posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal & splenic) and superior mesenteric (anterior and posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal)
What arteries supply the stomach?
right & left gastrics and gastroepiploics and short gastric
Describe anastomoses between superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric arteries
marginal artery
What is in the porta hepatis?
common bile duct, proper hepatic artery, portal vein, autonomic and sensory nerves, lymphatics
The porta hepatis is in what mesentery?
hepatoduodenal ligament
The liver drains into what veins?
hepatic veins into inferior vena cava
Name the right branches of the superior mesenteric artery in order
inferior pancreaticduodenal –> middle colic –> right colic –> ileocolic
name the branches of the left superior mesenteric artery in order
jejunal –> ileal
pelvic splanchnic innervation of gut
parasympathetic preganglionic from sacral plexus (S2-S4) enter hypogastric plexus and synpase on postganglionic neurons in the hindgut
A ruptured penile urethra may extravasate blood/urine between what two fascial layers in the lower abdomen?
between the membranous layer of superficial fascia and deep fascia on muscles
What arteries supply blood to the greater omentum?
gastroepiploic
direct inguinal hernias are located _
medial to inferior epigastric artery
indirect inguinal hernias are located _
lateral to inferior epigastric arteries
What is the arcuate line on the anterior abdominal wall?
beginning of posterior layer of rectus sheath
The tunica vaginalis of the testes is derived from what layer of the abdominal wall?
peritoneum
The tunica albuginea of testes is derived from what layer of the abdominal wall?
none, it is the capsule of the testes
What is the round ligament of the liver in the fetus?
umbilical vein
What organs are drained by the portal venous system?
stomach, intestines to middle rectum, pancreas, spleen, & gallbladder
Abdominal muscles are innervated by what spinal nerves?
ventral rami: T6-T12 + L1
What dermatome is located at the level of the nipples?
T4
What dermatome is located at the umbilicus?
T10
What makes up the posterior wall of the inguinal canal?
internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles (conjoint tendon) and transversalis fascia
What makes up the floor of the inguinal canal?
inguinal ligament
A minor calyx of the kidney drains directly into what specific area of the kidney?
major calyx
What organ receives direct preganglionic axons from the greater splanchnic nerve?
suprarenal gland
