Posterior Abdominal Wall

Question 1

greater splanchnic nerve

Answer 1

T5-T9

Question 2

lesser splanchnic nerve

Answer 2

T10-T11

Question 3

least splanchnic nerve

Answer 3

T12

Question 4

lumbar and sacral splanchnic nerves originate in the _

Answer 4

abdomen

Question 5

splanchnic nerves are _

Answer 5

preganglionic

Question 6

splanchnic nerves terminate _

Answer 6

on prevertebral ganglia

Question 7

parasympathetics involve the _

Answer 7

vagus nerves and pelvic splanchnics

Question 8

congenital megacolon (Hirschsprung’s Disease)

Answer 8

congenital defect where parasympathetic postganglionic and enteric neurons in pelvis fail to migrate out to all or part of the gut

Question 9

congenital megacolon symptoms

Answer 9

cramping and constipation due to loss of peristaltic movement and constriction of hindgut

Question 10

pain follows _

Answer 10

sympathetic splanchnic nerves

Question 11

reflex follows _

Answer 11

parasympathetic vagus and pelvic splanchnics

Question 12

pancreatic disease pain

Answer 12

upper abdomen and back

Question 13

liver & gallbladder disease pain

Answer 13

right upper quadrant and back, also shoulder via phrenic nerve

Question 14

ureters descend along the _

Answer 14

psoas major muscle

Question 15

ureters cross posterior to _

Answer 15

gonadal vessels and uterine artery

Question 16

ureters cross anterior to _

Answer 16

external iliac vessels

Question 17

ureter blood supply

Answer 17

renal, gonadal, common iliac, and vesical arteries

Question 18

diaphragm origin

Answer 18

lower ribs & lumbar vertebrae

Question 19

diaphragm insertion

Answer 19

central tendon

Question 20

diaphragm action

Answer 20

inspiration

Question 21

diaphragm motor innervation

Answer 21

C3-C5

Question 22

diaphragm sensory innervation

Answer 22

phrenic nerve (C3-C5) and intercostal nerves (T5-T12)

Question 23

diaphragm blood supply

Answer 23

superior phrenic, musculophrenic, pericardiophrenic, and inferior phrenic

Question 24

diaphragm openings

Answer 24

IVC (T8), esophageal hiatus (T10), aortic hiatus (T12)

Question 25

quadratus lumborum action

Answer 25

extend or laterally flex spine

Question 26

psoas minor action

Answer 26

flex spine

Question 27

iliopsoas

Answer 27

where iliacus and psoas major join together

Question 28

iliopsoas action

Answer 28

flex thigh and/or flex spine

Question 29

What is in the lesser sac or omental bursa?

Answer 29

peritoneal fluid

Question 30

The lesser sac is bound by what organs?

Answer 30

stomach (anterior), transverse colon (inferior), pancreas (posterior), liver (superior), spleen (left)

Question 31

What organs bound both the lesser and greater sacs?

Answer 31

stomach, transverse colon, liver, spleen

Question 32

What ligaments make up the lesser omentum?

Answer 32

hepatogastric and hepatoduodenal

Question 33

The lesser omentum is derived from which fetal mesentery?

Answer 33

ventral

Question 34

The lesser omentum is _ peritoneum?

Answer 34

visceral

Question 35

What organs are intraperitoneal?

Answer 35

stomach, duodenal cap, jejunum, ileum, cecum & appendix, transverse colon, sigmoid colon, spleen, and liver

Question 36

What is the remains of the gubernaculum in the female?

Answer 36

ligament of the ovary and round ligament of the uterus

Question 37

What muscles combine to form the conjoint tendon?

Answer 37

internal abdominis oblique & transverse abdominis

Question 38

The cremaster muscle is derived from what abdominal muscle?

Answer 38

internal abdominis oblique

Question 39

The cremaster muscle is innervated by?

Answer 39

the genital branch of genitofemoral nerve

Question 40

What is the Dartos muscle?

Answer 40

smooth muscle in Dartos fascia of scrotum

Question 41

What is the function of the Dartos muscle?

Answer 41

temperature regulation of the testes

Question 42

What is the innervation of the Dartos muscle?

Answer 42

sympathetic innervation via scrotal cutaneous nerves

Question 43

What are the three branches of the celiac artery?

Answer 43

left gastric, common hepatic, and splenic

Question 44

What arteries supply the pancreas?

Answer 44

celiac (anterior and posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal & splenic) and superior mesenteric (anterior and posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal)

Question 45

What arteries supply the stomach?

Answer 45

right & left gastrics and gastroepiploics and short gastric

Question 46

Describe anastomoses between superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric arteries

Answer 46

marginal artery

Question 47

What is in the porta hepatis?

Answer 47

common bile duct, proper hepatic artery, portal vein, autonomic and sensory nerves, lymphatics

Question 48

The porta hepatis is in what mesentery?

Answer 48

hepatoduodenal ligament

Question 49

The liver drains into what veins?

Answer 49

hepatic veins into inferior vena cava

Question 50

Name the right branches of the superior mesenteric artery in order

Answer 50

inferior pancreaticduodenal --> middle colic --> right colic --> ileocolic

Question 51

name the branches of the left superior mesenteric artery in order

Answer 51

jejunal --> ileal

Question 52

pelvic splanchnic innervation of gut

Answer 52

parasympathetic preganglionic from sacral plexus (S2-S4) enter hypogastric plexus and synpase on postganglionic neurons in the hindgut

Question 53

A ruptured penile urethra may extravasate blood/urine between what two fascial layers in the lower abdomen?

Answer 53

between the membranous layer of superficial fascia and deep fascia on muscles

Question 54

What arteries supply blood to the greater omentum?

Answer 54

gastroepiploic

Question 55

direct inguinal hernias are located _

Answer 55

medial to inferior epigastric artery

Question 56

indirect inguinal hernias are located _

Answer 56

lateral to inferior epigastric arteries

Question 57

What is the arcuate line on the anterior abdominal wall?

Answer 57

beginning of posterior layer of rectus sheath

Question 58

The tunica vaginalis of the testes is derived from what layer of the abdominal wall?

Answer 58

peritoneum

Question 59

The tunica albuginea of testes is derived from what layer of the abdominal wall?

Answer 59

none, it is the capsule of the testes

Question 60

What is the round ligament of the liver in the fetus?

Answer 60

umbilical vein

Question 61

What organs are drained by the portal venous system?

Answer 61

stomach, intestines to middle rectum, pancreas, spleen, & gallbladder

Question 62

Abdominal muscles are innervated by what spinal nerves?

Answer 62

ventral rami: T6-T12 + L1

Question 63

What dermatome is located at the level of the nipples?

Answer 63

T4

Question 64

What dermatome is located at the umbilicus?

Answer 64

T10

Question 65

What makes up the posterior wall of the inguinal canal?

Answer 65

internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles (conjoint tendon) and transversalis fascia

Question 66

What makes up the floor of the inguinal canal?

Answer 66

inguinal ligament

Question 67

A minor calyx of the kidney drains directly into what specific area of the kidney?

Answer 67

major calyx

Question 68

What organ receives direct preganglionic axons from the greater splanchnic nerve?

Answer 68

suprarenal gland