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QUIZ 7 > Adrenergic Drugs 2 & 3 > Flashcards

Adrenergic Drugs 2 & 3 Flashcards

1
Q

direct-acting drugs

A

act on adrenergic receptors

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2
Q

indirect-acting drugs

A

increase the availability of NE or Epi to stimulate adrenergic receptors (do not act on receptors themselves)

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3
Q

indirect-acting drugs increase availability of NE or Epi by _

A

releasing NE from nerve terminal, blocking reuptake of NE back into neuron, and inhibiting metabolic degradation

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4
Q

mixed-acting drugs

A

indirectly release NE and act on receptors

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5
Q

alpha-1 receptor agonists

A

increase peripheral vascular resistance, maintaining or increasing BP

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6
Q

alpha-1 receptor agonists treatment

A

hypotension

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7
Q

example of alpha-1 receptor agonist

A

phenylephrine (direct-acting)

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8
Q

phenylephrine

A

increases BP, nasal decongestant, mydriasis

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9
Q

alpha-2 receptor agonists

A

BP is reduced by activation of alpha-2 receptors in cardio-vasculature control centers of the CNS, suppressing sympathetic outflow

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10
Q

alpha-2 receptor agonist treatment

A

hypertension

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11
Q

example of alpha-2 receptor agonist

A

clonidine

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12
Q

clonidine

A

central sympathetic outflow is decreased and parasympathetic is increased; reduces blood pressure

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13
Q

beta-receptor agonist

A

primarily for treatment of bronchoconstriction in asthma or COPD; isoproterenol or epinephrine

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14
Q

epinephrine

A

can bind alpha and beta receptors so not used as much as a beta-receptor agonist

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15
Q

isoproterenol

A

contains a methyl group that makes it selective for only beta receptors; not selective for beta-1 or beta-2

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16
Q

isoproterenol therapeutic uses

A

relaxes most smooth muscle when tone is high; prevents and relieves bronchoconstriction

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17
Q

side effects of isoproterenol

A

will cause cardiac side effects because it can bind beta-1 receptors as well as beta-2

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18
Q

dobutamine

A

selective beta-1 agonist; increase cardiac output and stroke volume

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19
Q

beta-2 receptor agonists

A

best option for treating bronchoconstriction

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20
Q

albuterol

A

administered via inhalation, targeting only beta-2 receptors in the lungs

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21
Q

beta-3 receptor agonist

A

mirabegron

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22
Q

mirabegron

A

induces detrusor muscle relaxation for treating overactive bladder

23
Q

indirect-acting sympathomimetics

A

amphetamine and methylphenidate

24
Q

amphetamine

A

induces IC catecholamine release, inhibits reuptake, inhibits MAO

25
Q

methylphenidate (Ritalin)

A

inhibits transport of dopamine and NE out of synapse

26
Q

mixed-acting sympathomimetics

A

ephedrine

27
Q

ephedrine

A

binds both alpha and beta receptors

28
Q

mixed-acting agonists response can be reduced by _

A

treatment with reserpine or guanethidine

29
Q

indirect-acting agonists response can be abolished by _

A

treatment with reserpine or guanethidine

30
Q

epinephrine therapeutic use

A

acute asthma, anaphylactic shock, increase duration of action of local anasthetics

31
Q

epinephrine can bind _

A

alpha-1, alpha-2, beta-1, or beta-2

32
Q

norepinephrine can bind _

A

alpha-1, alpha-2, beta-1

33
Q

non-selective alpha antagonists

A

phentolamine and phenoxybenzamine

34
Q

phentolamine

A

prevents NE from binding receptors and inducing hypertension

35
Q

phentolamine use

A

treats hypertensive episodes caused by clonidine withdrawal

36
Q

phenoxybenzamine

A

induces decrease in peripheral resistance and increases cardiac output

37
Q

phenoxybenzamine use

A

short-term control of hypertension associated with adrenal gland tumor (pheochromocytoma)

38
Q

alpha-1 antagonists

A

inhibit vasoconstriction induced by endogenous catecholamines; decrease blood pressure

39
Q

alpha-1 antagonist example

A

prazosin

40
Q

prazosin use

A

used to decrease peripheral resistance in hypertensive episodes

41
Q

yohimbine

A

selective alpha-2 antagonist

42
Q

yohimbine action

A

receptors can not sense how much NE in synaptic cleft so continuously secreting

43
Q

yohimbine causes _

A

increased HR and BP (dangerous level)

44
Q

beta-antagonists (beta-blockers)

A

useful for treatment of hypertension, ischemic heart attack, congestive heart failure, arrhythmias

45
Q

1st generation beta-antagonists

A

propranolol; non-selective

46
Q

propranolol

A

non-selective with equal affinity for beta-1 and beta-2

47
Q

propranolol effects

A

when active sympathetic response, can increase cardiac output and peripheral resistance

48
Q

beta-1 antagonists (2nd generation)

A

metaprolol

49
Q

non-selective beta-antagonists should not be used in patients with _

A

asthma (bronchospastic disease) or type 1 diabetes

50
Q

metaprolol

A

treatment of hypertension

51
Q

3rd generation beta-antagonist

A

labetalol

52
Q

labetalol

A

competitive antagonist for beta-1, beta-2, and alpha-1; useful for hypertension

53
Q

alpha blockers

A

reduce peripheral resistance –> relax blood vessels

54
Q

beta blockers

A

reduce cardiac output

QUIZ 7 (12 decks)

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