Perineum Flashcards
pelvic cavity contains _
urinary, GI, and reproductive systems
pelvic cavity borders
superior: abdominal cavity
posterior: sacrum
anterior: pubis & pubic symphysis
perineum contains _
external genitalia and external openings of the GI and genitourinary systems
perineum extends from _
pubis to coccyx; between ischial tuberosities
perineum is supported by the _
bony pelvis
bony pelvis is composed of _
right and left hip bones, sacrum, coccyx
hip bone is formed by fusion of _
ilium, ischium, and pubis
anterior of bony pelvis
contains pubic symphysis, ischiopubic ramus, obturator foramen
posterior of bony pelvis
ischial tuberosity, ischiopubic ramus, ischial spine, greater sciatic notch, lesser sciatic notch
ligaments of bony pelvis
sacrotuberous and sacrospinous
sacrotuberous ligament
runs from sacrum to ischial tuberosity
sacrospinous ligament
runs from sacral to ischial spine
sacrospinous ligament separates _
greater and lesser sciatic foramen
greater sciatic foramen
connects pelvis and gluteal region
lesser sciatic foramen
connects gluteal region and perineum
urogenital triangle
contains urethra and external genitalia
urogenital triangle extends from
pubic symphysis to ischial tuberosity
anal triangle contains _
anal canal and anus
anal triangle extends from _
ischial tuberosity to coccyx
the obturator internus muscle contributes to _
the lateral boundary of the perineum
obturator internus originates _
from the inside of the obturator foramen
obturator internus attaches to _
peripheral femur
pelvic diaphragm contributes to _
superior boundary of perineum
pelvic diaphragm consists of _
levator ani and coccygeus muscles
levator ani is composed of _
iliococcygeus, puborectalis, and pubococcygeus
iliococcygeus muscle arises from _
tendinous arch
ischioanal fossa
wedge-shaped area circling the anus; fat that allows contraction
What passes through the sciatic foramina to reach the ischioanal fossa?
pudenal nerve, internal pudenal artery, internal pudenal vein
What supplies the perineum?
pudenal nerve, internal pudenal artery, internal pudenal vein
pudenal nerve and internal pudenal vessels branch to serve _
anal region and UG triangle
branches serving the external anal sphincter and skin around anus
inferior rectal artery and inferior rectal nerve
hemorrhoids can occur in _
inferior rectal veins
Scarpa’s fascia
(Camper’s); fatty layer
Colles’ fascia
associated with UG triangle
Dartos fascia
in males; associated with external genitalia
perineal membrane
separates the UG triangle into superficial and deep perineal spaces
deep perineal space
lies between perineal membrane and pelvic diaphragm, bound by superior and inferior fascias
superficial perineal space
lies between perineal membrane and superficial fascia and houses portions of external genitalia
Where are erectile tissues located in male?
within superficial perineal space
superficial perineal muscles
bulbospongiosus, ischiocavernous, and superficial transverse perineal
erectile tissues in males
corpus spongiosum and corpus cavernosum (2)
corpus spongiosum
bulb of penis
corpus cavernosum
crus of penis
ischiocavernosus muscle
overlies crus of penis
bulbospongiosus muscle
overlies bulb of penis
deep perineal space
lies between superficial perineal and pelvic diaphragm
male deep perineal space muscles
external urethral sphincter and deep transverse perineal muscle
male deep perineal space glands
bulbourethral glands (Cowper’s)
pudendal nerve innervates _
muscles and erectile tissues of UG triangle
pudendal nerve branches
perineal nerves, posterior scrotal nerves, and dorsal nerves of penis
internal pudendal artery supplies _
muscle and erectile tissues of UG triangle
internal pudendal artery branches
perineal arteries, posterior scrotal arteries, dorsal arteries of penis, deep arteries of penis, and arteries of bulb
4 tissue layers of penis
skin, superficial penile fascia (dartos), deep penile fascia (bucks), and tunica albuginea
deep arteries of penis
contain space around it to fill with blood during erection
female superficial perineal space muscles
bulbospongiosus, ischiocavernosus, and superficial transverse perineal
female erectile tissues
corpus spongiosum (2) and corpus cavernosum (2)
corpus spongiosum (female)
bulb of vestibule
corpus cavernosum (female)
crus of clitoris
perineal body is convergence of _
bulbospongiosus, superficial transverse perineal, and external anal sphincter
female deep perineal space muscles
external urethral sphincter and deep transverse perineal muscle
female pudendal nerve branches
perineal nerves, posterior labial nerves, and dorsal nerves of clitoris
pudendal nerve during labor
can be blocked (between ischial tuberosity and pubic ramus)
female internal pudendal arteries branches
posterior labial arteries, dorsal arteries of clitoris, deep arteries of clitoris, and arteries of bulb of vestibule
female urethra passes only through _
deep and superficial perineal spaces
male urethral subdivisions
prostatic urethra, membranous urethra, abd spongy (penile) urethra
deep to superficial perineal layers
superior fascia of UG diaphragm –> deep perineal space –> perineal membrane –> superficial perineal space –> superficial perineal fascia (Colles’) –> subcutaneous fat –> skin
