Posterior Ab wall

Question 1

Psoas Major and Minor origin insertion innervation action?

Answer 1

• O: transverse processes sides of verterbal bodies
• I: tendon to lesser trochanter of femur
• Anterior rami L1-3
• Flexor of hip

Question 2

Iliacus OIAI?

Answer 2

• Superior 2/3 iliac fossa ala ASIS
• Lesser trochanter
• Femoral nerve L2-4
• Hip flexor

Question 3

Quadratus lumborum

Answer 3

• Iliolumbar lig and lip of lilac crest
• Medial half of inferior surfacce of 12th rib and tips of lumbar TP
• Anterior T12, L1-4

Question 4

Psoas Abscess signs and causes?

Answer 4

• Back or flank pain witha fever limp and inguinal mass
• Lower abdomen pain exacerbated by extending the thigh
• Causes:
  
  • disease of organs
  • Cancers
  • Infections deep to psoas fascia

Question 5

What is the Medial arcuate ligament?

Answer 5

• Fascial thieckening of the psoas fascia spanning the lumbar body and tip of L1 TP
• Lateral to median arcuate lig

Question 6

Lateral arcuate ligament?

Answer 6

Fascial thickening of quadratus lumborum running from L1 TP to tip of 12th rib

Question 7

Median arcuate ligament?

Answer 7

Tendinous arch of the crura of the diaphragm, unites right and left crura

Question 8

What are the unpaired arteries of the posterior abdominal wall?

Answer 8

• Celiac Trunk T12
• SMA L1
• IMA L3
• Median sacral artery

Question 9

What are the paired arteries of the post ab wall?

Answer 9

• Subcostal arteries
• Inferior phrenic arteries
• SUprarenal arteries
• Renal arteries L2
• Gonadal arteries L2
• Lumbar arteries
• Deep circumflex iliac arteries

Question 10

Where does IVC begin, pass, and what are its tributaries?

Answer 10

• Anterior to L5 and to the right
• Passes through caal hiatus of diaphragm
• Paired visceral branches are suprarenal renal and gonadal veins
• Paired parietal branches are inferior phrenic 3&4th lumbar vein and common iliac vein

Question 11

What two veins connect SVC and IVC?

Answer 11

Ascending lumbar vein and Azygos vein

Question 12

What does the left gonadal vein do to get its blood into the IVC?

Answer 12

connects to the left renal vein

Question 13

What passes through the Caval opening and where is it?

Answer 13

At T8, the IVC and right phrenic nerve enter the abdominal cavity

Question 14

Esophageal hiatus contents?

Answer 14

Esophagus and Anterior and posterior vagal trunks at T10

Question 15

Aortic Hiatus?

Answer 15

Aorta, thoracic duct, and sometimes the azygos and hemiazygos veins go behind the diaphragm at T12

Question 16

What are the 3 parts to the diaphragm?

Answer 16

• Muscular portion:
  
  • Sternal part attaching to xiphoid
  • Costal attaching to inferior 6 costal cartilages
  • Lumbar part attaching to lumbar vert. bodies
• Central tendon
• Crura:
  
  • right crus L1-4 larger and longer some fibers run along the left of the aortic hiatus
  • Left crus L1-3 bodies

Question 17

What arteries are on the superior side of the diaphragm?

Answer 17

• musculophrenic and pericardicophrenic off of the internal thoracic artery
• Superior phrenic artery off of the thoracic aorta

Question 18

What arteries are on the inferior side of the diaphragm?

Answer 18

• Inferior phrenic off of ab aorta
• Intercoostal branches for peripheral diaphragm

Question 19

What is a Para-esophageal hiatal hernia?

Answer 19

• Pouch of peritoneum and stomach fundus extending through esophageal hiatus usually anterior to the esophagus
• Gastric regurgiation doesn’t occur bc the cardiac portion is normal

Question 20

What is a sliding hiatal hernia?

Answer 20

• Abdominal esophaguls cardiac and portion of fundus extend through esophageal hiatus
• Regurgitation possible

Question 21

What is the renal hilum?

Answer 21

• entrance to the renal sinus where BV, renal pelvis and nerves are

Question 22

What muscle covers the bulk of the kidney?

Answer 22

Quaddratus lumborum

Question 23

Where does the transpyloric plane run through the right kidney and left?

Answer 23

• Right:Through the superior pole
• Left: hilum

Question 24

Describe Perinephric fat.

Answer 24

• Fat adjacent to kidney capsule extending into renal pelvis

Question 25

Describe renal fascia.

Answer 25

* covers fat enveloping the kidney and suprarenal gland * it blends and ensheats the vessels and is continuous with inferior diaphragmatic fascia

Question 26

Describe paranephric fat?

Answer 26

external to renal fascia

Question 27

Ureter location and sites of potential obstruction?

Answer 27

* Runs from the renal pelvis passing over the pelvic brim, along the lateral pelvic wall and runs posterior to vas deferens and uterine artery * Junction of ureter with renal pelvis, crossing pelvic brim or entering bladder wall can be obstructed

Question 28

What arteries supply the ureter? (6)

Answer 28

* Renal branches * Gonadal branches * Ab aorta branches * Iliac branches * Superior vesical branches * Pelvi branches such as rectal uterine vaginal and inferior vesicular

Question 29

Where is the right suprarenal gland located and what is the blood supply and innervation?

Answer 29

* found near right crus right kidney and IVC * Superior middle and inferior suprarenal arteries * Preganglionic sympathetic from T10-L1 * Celiac plexus and abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves

Question 30

Where is left suprarenal gland?

Answer 30

Near left crus spleen pancrease stomach and left kidney

Question 31

Where do the common iliac lymph nodes drain and where do they get lymph from?

Answer 31

* From the external and internal iliac nodes and they drain into the lumbar lymph nodes

Question 32

Where do the lumbar lymph nodes run, where do they get lymph, and what do they form?

Answer 32

* Runs along IVC and aorta bilaterally * Posterior wall and posterior pelvic wall and organs * Forms the lumbar lymphatic trunks

Question 33

What do the pre-aortic lymph nodes form and what do they drain?

Answer 33

* form intestinal lymphatic trunks * drains from alimentary tract, liver, spleen, pancreas

Question 34

Where do the common iliac lymph nodes, lumbar lymph nodes and preaortic lymph nodes drain?

Answer 34

Cisterni Chyli

Question 35

Roots of subbcostal nerve?

Answer 35

T12

Question 36

Roots of iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal?

Answer 36

L1

Question 37

Roots of genitofemoral nerve?

Answer 37

L1,2

Question 38

Roots of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve?

Answer 38

L2,3

Question 39

Roots of the femoral and obturator nerve?

Answer 39

L2-4

Question 40

Roots of lumbosacral trunk?

Answer 40

L4,5