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GIGU > Ant. Ab Wall and Inguinal Canal > Flashcards

Ant. Ab Wall and Inguinal Canal Flashcards

1
Q

What organs are found in the RUQ? (10)

A
  • Liver
  • Gall bladder
  • pylorus of stomach
  • duodenum
  • pancreas head
  • suprarenal gland
  • right kidney
  • right hepatic flexure
  • ascending colon
  • right half transverse colon
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2
Q

LUQ organs? (9)

A
  • Liver
  • Spleen
  • Stomach
  • Jejunum and prox ileum
  • Body and tail pancreas
  • left kidney and renal gland
  • Left splenic flexure
  • Left transverese colon
  • Descening colon
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3
Q

RLQ? (8)

A
  • Cecum
  • Appendix
  • Ileum
  • Inferior asscending colon
  • right ovary and uterine tube
  • right ureter
  • right spermatic cord
  • *urinary bladder and uterus if full and enlarged
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4
Q

LLQ? (6)

A
  • Sigmoid colon
  • left ovary and uterine tube
  • left ureter
  • left spermatic cord
  • *uterus if enlarged
  • *bladder if full
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5
Q

What is the Transpyloric plane?

A
  • L1
  • Level of gall bladder fundus, pylorus, pancreatic neck, SMA origin, HPV, root of transverse mesocolon, hila of kidneys
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6
Q

Subcostal plane?

A

Passes inferior border of 10th costal cartilage and left transverse colon

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7
Q

Transtubercle plane?

A

Btw iliac tubercles at the L5 level of iliocecal junction

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8
Q

Interspinous plane

A

Btw ASIS at level of appendix and sigmoid colon

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9
Q

What fascia is the membranous underlying CT layer of superficial fascia?

A

Scarpa’s fascia

continuous w/ Colle’s fascia of perineum, fused with fascia lata of lower limb

fluid would not enter fascia lata if building up in scarpa’s fascia

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10
Q

What is camper’s fascia?

A

fatty layer of superficial fascia

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11
Q

What fascia is continuous with colle’s fascia of perineum and fuses with fascia lata of lower limb?

A

Scarpa’s

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12
Q

External Oblique innervation and action?

A
  • I: Ventral rami of T7-12of intercostal nerves
  • A: Compresses abdomen and increases intra abdominal pressure; moves trunk, and maintains posture
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13
Q

Internal Oblique innervation and action

A
  • I: T7-12 and L1
  • A: Compresses and supports viscera, laterally flexes and rotates trunk

Tell apart from external by the fibers, they go upwards at an angle while external fibers run at an angle downwards

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14
Q

Transversus abdominis muscle

A
  • Runs Transverso-medially
  • Innervated by T7-L1
  • A: Compresses and supports viscera
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15
Q

Rectus Abdominis muscle

A
  • A: Flexes abdomen and compresses it
  • Innervated by ventral rami of T7-12

Covered by the rectus sheath

Linea semilunaris - lateral border

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16
Q

What is the Arcuate line?

A

A sharp transition where the EO, IO, and TA aponeuroses become anterior to rectus abdominis m.

below the line, the rectus abdominis is in contact with transversalis fascia

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17
Q

What are Thoraco-abdominal nerves (T7-11)?

A

continuation of intercostal nerves; both motor and sensory innervation.

They run between Transverse abdominis and Interal oblique

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18
Q

What is the subcostal nerve?

A

T12, which runs along inferior 12th rib motor

sensory part is superior to the iliac crest

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19
Q

Iliohypogastric nerve?

A
  • L1 Ventral rami
  • Runs between IO and TA giving motor to those muscles, sensory to the upper iniguinal and hypogastric regions
  • skin above pubis
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20
Q

Ilioinguinal nerve?

A
  • Branch of L1
  • Motor to Lower IO and TA, sensory to lower inguinal anterior scrotum/labia, and near the medial thigh
21
Q

What abdominal arteries are branches off of the Femoral artery?

A
  • superificial epigastric artery
  • Superificial circumflex iliac artery running along inguinal ligament
22
Q

What abdominal arteries come off of the abdomial aorta?

A

lumbar arteries

23
Q

What two abdominal arteries come off of the external iliac artery and where do they run?

A
  • Deep circumflex iliac artery
    • Runs deep along inguinal ligament
  • Inferior epigastric artery
    • runs posterior to rectus abdominis muslce and anastomosis with superior epigastric artery

Within the abdomen

24
Q

Where does the superior epigastric artery branch from?

A

Terminal branch of the internal thoracic artery

25
Q

Describe how drainage of lymph works in the abdomen?

A
  • Superficial vessels superficial to the umbilicus will drain up, into the axillary lymph nodes and parasternal nodes
  • Superficial vessels below the umbilicus will drain down into the superficial inguinal nodes
  • Deep lymph vesssels follow deep veins of abdominal wall such as the internal and external iliac veins
26
Q

What is the superficial ring?

A

External opening within the (inguinal ligament) aponeurosis for spermatic cord (M) or round ligament (F)

exit for inguinal canal

27
Q

What is the lacunar ligment?

A

Ligament btw pubic rami and inguinal ligament anchoring the inguinal ligament to the pubis

28
Q

Pectineal ligament?

A

Continuation of fibers from lacunar ligment running along pectin pubis

29
Q

Femoral canal?

A

Found immediately lateral to lacunar ligement

30
Q

What is the deep ring?

A
  • Entrance into the inginal canal and beginning of the invagintaion of peritoneum into transversalis fascia
  • Where vas deferens and gonadal vessels/nerves pass in males and round ligament in females
31
Q

Genitofemoral nerve? (L1,2)

A
  • Genital branch
    • motor to cremasteric muslce
    • Sensory to small part of medial thigh and scrotal labial fascia
32
Q

Where do testes form and how do they descend and what are the tunics?

A
  • Gonads form near T10
  • Gonads are connected to future scrotal swellings by the gubernaculum
  • They descend along with an outpocketing of peritoneal cavity (Processus vaginalis, when it is not closed off from abdominal cavity) into future scrotum carrying vessels and nerves
  • When the connection to the peritoneum is closed it is called the tunica vaginalis and it surrounds the scrotum
33
Q

What is cryptorchid testis?

A

Undescended testis - can increase risk of testicular cancer

34
Q

How does the spermatic cord form?

A

As the gonads herniate out (with its blood supply and vas deferens) it takes layers of the wall with it forming the cord.

  • Transversalis fascia forms internal spermaitc fascia
  • Internal oblique forms cremasteric muscle
  • External oblique forms external spermatic fascia
35
Q

What are the contents of the spermatic cord?

A
  • Vas deferens
  • Testicular artery and veins (Pampiniform Plexus)
  • Gonadal nerves and lymphatics
36
Q

What is a persistent processus vaginalis?

A

Patent connection btw tunica vaginalis and abdomen

37
Q

What is the difference btw Hydrocele and Hematocele?

A
  • Hydrocele is peritoneal fluid within tunica vaginalis
    • more common in babies
    • Detected with transillumination
  • Hematocele is accumulattion of blood in the tunica vaginalis
    • opaque
38
Q

Describe ovarian descent.

A
  • Descent begins in the Gubernaculum and becomes attached to developing uterus
  • Round ligament of uterus enters deep ring and exits superficial ring attaching to labial swellings
39
Q

What does the Gubernaculum form in females?

A

Gubernaculum forms the ovarian ligament and round ligament of uterus

40
Q

Describe the lymphatic drainage of the testes and scrotum.

A

The scrotum will drain into superficial inguinal nodes and travel into iliac and lumbar lymph nodes

Testes will drain into lumbar and pre-aortic lymh nodes

41
Q

What fold is due to the obliterated umbilical arteries?

A

Medial umbilical fold

42
Q

Median umbilical fold is due to the _____.

A

Obliterated urachus

43
Q

Lateral umbilical fold is due to the ____.

A

Inferior epigastric artery

44
Q

What is the deep inguinal ring?

A

beginning of canal for testicular vessels and vas deferens in males and round ligament in females to travel in

45
Q

What is Hasselbach’s triangle?

A
  • Made of the inguinal lilgament lateral border of rectus abdominis and lateral umbilical fold
46
Q

What is a direct hernia?

A
  • Medial to inferior epigastic artery, the peritoneum/transversalis fasica alongside the spermatic cord
  • in Hasselbach’s triangle
47
Q

Indirect hernia?

A

Enters deep ring, peritoneum within spermatic cord

48
Q

Femoral hernia

A

Below inginal ligament, more common in women, 40% present as emergencies with incarceration or strangulation

GIGU (17 decks)

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