Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GIGU > Histology of the Esophagus and Stomach > Flashcards

Histology of the Esophagus and Stomach Flashcards

1
Q

What are these layers in order?

Bonus: where is this taken from

A
  • Musoca with lamina propria, muscularais mucosae, and simple columnar epithelium
  • Submucosa
  • Muscularis inner circular and outer longitudinal
  • Serosa

Large intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What layers are found within the mucosal layer?

A
  • Lining epithelium depends on segment
  • Underlying lamina propria vascularized loose CT with lymphatic nodules and WBC
  • Muscularis mucosae thin layer of smooth muscle that controls mobility and infoldings of mucosa
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the submucosal layer made of?

A
  • Dense irregular CT with neurovasculature and lymphatics
  • Glands may be present
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is in the muscularis externa?

A

Two layers of smooth muscle called the inner circular layer and the outer longitudinal layer

  • inner circular layer constricts the lumen
  • outer longitudinal shortens the tube
  • Neurovascular plexuses are between the layers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is in the serosa/adventitia?

A

Adventitia covers organs that are bound withing surrounding structures for support while serosa is covering organs that are free

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is this where is it found and what is its purpose?

A
  • Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
  • oral cavity, pharynx, and anal canal
  • Protection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is this, where is it found, what is the purpose?

A
  • Simple ccolumnar epithelium
  • Musoca packed with glands found in stomach
  • Secretory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is this, where is it found, what is the purpose?

A
  • Simple columnar epithelium
  • Mucosa arragned as villi with crypts glands may or may not be present
  • Found in SI
  • Absorptive
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is this, where is it found, what is the purpose?

A
  • Simple columnar epithelium
  • Mucosa arranged in colsely packed glands with extensive goblet cells, found within the LI
  • Absorption and protectioni
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is seen in this?

A

Myenteric plexus of Auerbach, found between the inner circular and outer longitudinal layers in the muscularis externa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the two plexuses of sensory and otor neurons for intrinsic innervation of GI?

A
  • Submucosal plexus of Meissner
  • Myenteric Plexus of Auerbach
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does the enteric ns regulate and describe what the preganglionic axons of psns does and postganglionic axons of symp?

A
  • Regulatea peristaltic contractions of muscularis externa and movements of musularis mucosae as well as secretory activities of mucosal and submucosal glands
  • Preganglionic PSNS increases motility
  • Postganglionic SNS decreases motility
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is this

A

Myenteric plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is this? What is unique about the fourth tunic for this organ?

A
  • Esophagus, a fibromuscular tube that carries food from oropharynx to stomach
  • It has both a serosa and an adventitia
    • Thoracic region of the esophagus has adventita
    • Inferior to the diaphragm is has a serosa
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe the mucosal and submucosal glands in the esophagus.

A
  • Cardiac esophaageal glands reside in lamina propria of terminal esophagus
  • Submucosal glands consist of small lobules with mucous and serous cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where is this taken from and describe the first three layers.

A

Esophagus

  1. Mucosa: nonkeratinized stratified squamous ontop of LP numerous folds to expand with food passing
  2. Submucosa: network of collagen and elastic fibers and small blood vessels
    1. Submcosal venous plexus to drain into systemic and portal venous system, high pressure can cause esophageal varicies which is a dilation of the submucosal venous sinuses
  3. Muscularis: Upper 1/3 is striated skeletal muscle, middle 1/3 is skeletal and smooth, lower third is smooth muslce
17
Q

What is GERD and if left untreated what can develop?

A

Weakening of lower esophagealsphincter causing chronic inflammation, ulceration,and difficulty in swallowing due to relux of gastric contents.

  • Can lead to Barrett’s Esophagus where nonkeratinized stratified squamous in the transition zone becomes columnar mucus secreting glandular epithelium
18
Q

what are the four regions of the stomach?

A
  1. Cardia
  2. Fundus
  3. Body
  4. Pylorus
19
Q

What is the purpose of rugae?

A

Longitudinal folds of the gastric mucosa that expand during filling of the stomach and are covered by gastric pits

20
Q

Describe the four layers of this section.

A

Stomach:

  1. Mucosa: simple columnar, lamina propria has cardiac gastric and pyloric glands, reticular and ocllagen fibers predominate, muscularis mucosae facilitates release of gland secretion
  2. Submucosa: dense irreg CT with collagen and elasatic fibers arterioles, venous pelxuses and lymphatics, meissner’s plexus
  3. Muscularis externa: three layers
    1. Oblique
    2. Circular- thickens in pyloric region forming pyloric sphincter
  4. Serosa
    1. Longitudinal
21
Q

Describe the Fundic Glands (gastric glands).

A
  • Simple branched tubular glands extending from the bottom of the gastric pits to the muscularis mucosae
22
Q

What is this?

A
  • F: gastric pits
  • PC: parietal cells
  • MM: muscularis mucosae
  • SM: submucosa
23
Q

What are these two cells?

A

Mucous neck cellls and parietal cells

24
Q

What are the two types of mucous cells in the stomach?

A
  • Surface mucous cellsline lumen and gastric pits
  • Mucous neck cells located in the neck in sinngles or clusters, they have round nuclei and apical secretory granules
  • Mucus layer containing 95% water and 5% mucin
    • forms insoluble gel that attaches to surace of gastric mucosa
    • thick coating neutralizing the microenvironment to alkaline pH
25
Q

What are Chief cells?

A
  • Found near the base of gastric glands, have basophilic cytoplasm, abundent RER and apical secretory granules
  • Pepsiongen secretion and conversion to pepsin byo acidic environement to digest most proteins
26
Q

Parietal cells?

A
  • Near neck and upper segment of gastric gland, produces HCl and intrinsic facor
  • Hallmark:
    • Large cells round or pyramidal shaped
    • one central roundnucleus
    • cytoplasm is eosinophilic due to lots mitochondria
27
Q

Describe active parietal cells.

A

They have a deep invagination of apical plasma membrane callled intracellular caniculi

28
Q

What are gastric ulcers?

A
  • Painful lesions of mucosa that may extend deeper
  • can occur anywehre btw lower esophagus and SI
  • Caused by Helicobacter pylori, NSAIDS, over production of HCl or pepsin, and lowered secretion of mucous of bicarbonate
29
Q

Enteroendocrine cells?

A
  • scattered epi cells in the gastric mucosa named with the initial letter of their hormone product
  • Most of them are APUD cells which process amines and all are considreed part of diffuse neuroendocrine system (DNES)
30
Q

Describe closed and open enteroendocrine cells.

A
  • The apex is covered by epithelial cells not exposed to the GI lumen
  • Open has the apical end in contact with the lumen and has chemoreceptors that smaple the lumen contents.
31
Q

What are pyloric glands?

A
  • Branched coiled tubular glands
  • Lined by mucus secreting cells
  • Glands empty into pits that take up half of the mucosa
  • Largely releases Gastrin from G cells

can see lymphoid nodules in lamina propria

32
Q
A

essophagus

33
Q
A

esophagus

34
Q
A

stomach

35
Q
A
36
Q
A

GIGU (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions