Poster 3: Sheep and Goat Pox

Question 1

Clinical signs

Answer 1

• fever
• erythematous macules
• lymphdenopathy
• dyspnea
• skin merciless and papillose
• mucopurulent nasal or ocular discharge
• hard scabs
• skin lesions

Question 2

Pathogen?

Answer 2

Capripoxvirus

Question 3

Morbidity and mortality?

Answer 3

• morbidity varies with breeds and virus strain (up to 75%)

- mortality up to 50% in fully susceptible flock; up to 100% in young animals

Question 4

Transmission

Answer 4

• inhalation of infectious virus attached aerosols
• insects as mechanical vectors
• close contact with infected animals
• direct contact with infected animal secretions and excretions
• fomites direct contact with open wound

Question 5

Mechanism of action

Answer 5

• enters host cell through virus - cell receptors attachment
• incubation 1-2 weeks
• encodes immunomodulatory genes to suppress or bypass the host innate and adaptive immunity and cause lysis of host cell to release virions, causing severe primary or secondary infection

Question 6

Vaccination

Answer 6

• 2 certified live attenuated vaccines
• compulsory vaccination policy from 2006-2016
• strains share a major neutralizing site
• vaccine strains cause significant increase of IL12 and lead the host towards TH1 response

Question 7

Vaccination issues

Answer 7

• still endemic in Israel
• stimulation of pock-reaction or death of vaccinated animals due to strong immunogenicity
• recombination events may lead to expansion of host range
• vaccine strain mutation

Question 8

Solutions

Answer 8

• frequent surveillance and fast diagnosis
• supervisory control and eradication protocol after outbreak
• alternative vaccines from different virus strain
• development of safe and novel vaccine like subunit