Post-traumatic Stess Disorder Flashcards
How many criterion does the PTSD criteria have?
8
What are the PTSD Main Criterion?
8 of them:
- Exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury or sexual violence
- Re-Experiencing
- Avoidance
- Alterations to mood or cognition
- Alterations in arousal and reactivity
- Duration more than 1 month
- clinically significant stress or impairment in social, occupational or other areas of functioning
- not due physiological effects of substance
What needs to be specified for PTSD
- Depersonalisation - Persistent or recurrent experiences of feeling detached from, and as if one were an outside observer of, one’s mental processes or body (e.g., feeling as though one were in a dream; feeling a sense of unreality of self or body or of time moving slowly).
- Derealisation - Persistent or recurrent experiences of unreality of surroundings (e.g., the world around the individual is experienced as unreal, dreamlike, distant, or distorted).
What is delayed expression in ptsd?
after 6 months or more
MNemonic for PTSD 8 criterion?
EReAMADCS
Edward re-experienced a murder, and didn’t cook sally.
PTSD Criteria: A. Experience?
A. Exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence in one (or more) of the following ways:
1. Directly experiencing the traumatic event(s).
2. Witnessing, in person, the event(s) as it occurred to others.
3. Learning that the traumatic event(s) occurred to a close family member or close friend. In cases of actual or threatened death of a family member or friend, the event(s) must have been violent or accidental.
4. Experiencing repeated or extreme exposure to aversive details of the traumatic event(s).
Note: Criteria A4 does not apply to exposure through electronic media, television, movies, or pictures, unless this exposure is work related.
PTSD Criteria B?
Re-Experiencing
- Recurrent, involuntary, and intrusive distressing memories of the traumatic event(s).
- Recurrent distressing dreams in which the content and/or affect of the dream are related to the traumatic event(s).
- Dissociative reactions (e.g. flashbacks) in which the individual feels or acts as if the traumatic event(s) were recurring.
- Intense or prolonged psychological distress at exposure to internal or external cues that symbolise or resemble an aspect of the traumatic event(s).
- Marked physiological reactions to internal or external cues that symbolise or resemble an aspect of the traumatic event(s).
PTSD Criteria C
Avoidance
C. Persistent avoidance of stimuli associated with the traumatic event(s), beginning after the traumatic event(s) occurred, as evidenced by one or both of the following:
- Avoidance of or efforts to avoid distressing memories, thoughts, or feelings about or closely associated with the traumatic event(s).
- Avoidance of or efforts to avoid external reminders that arouse distressing memories, thoughts, or feelings about or closely associated with the traumatic event(s).
PTSD Criteria D
Mood and cognition alteration
- Inability to remember an important aspect of the traumatic event(s).
- Persistent and exaggerated negative beliefs or expectations about oneself, others, or the world.
- Persistent, distorted cognitions about the cause or consequences of the traumatic event(s) that lead the individual to blame himself/herself or others.
- Persistent negative emotional state.
- Markedly diminished interest or participation in significant activities.
- Feelings of detachment or estrangement from others.
- Persistent inability to experience positive emotions.
PTSD Criteria E
Arousal
- Irritable behaviour and angry outbursts (with little or no provocation), typically expressed as verbal or physical aggression toward people or objects.
- Reckless or self-destructive behaviour.
- Hypervigilance.
- Exaggerated startle response.
- Problems with concentration.
- Sleep disturbance.
How long does disturbance need to be for PTSD?
1 MONTH
When to diagnose adjustment disorder and not PTSD?
- when the trauma is not severe enough (AKA doesn’t meet criteria for A)
- when the symptoms aren’t severe enough (AKA meets criterion A but not B, C, D, E etc)
Acute Stress Disorder?
A. Exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence in one (or more) of the following ways:
1. Directly experiencing the traumatic event(s).
2. Witnessing, in person, the event(s) as it occurred to others.
3. Learning that the event(s) occurred to a close family member or close friend. In cases of actual or threatened death of a family member or friend, the event(s) must have been violent or accidental.
4. Experiencing repeated or extreme exposure to aversive details of the traumatic event(s).
Note: This does not apply to exposure through electronic media, television, movies, or pictures, unless this exposure is work related.
B. Presence of nine (or more) of the following symptoms from any of the five categories of intrusion, negative mood, dissociation, avoidance, and arousal, beginning or worsening after the traumatic event(s) occurred:
Intrusion Symptoms
1. Recurrent, involuntary, and intrusive distressing memories of the traumatic event(s).
2. Recurrent distressing dreams in which the content and/or affect of the dream are related to the event(s).
3. Dissociative reactions (e.g. flashbacks) in which the individual feels or acts as of the traumatic events were recurring.
4. Intense or prolonged psychological distress or marked physiological reactions in response to internal or external cues that symbolise or resemble an aspect of the traumatic event(s).
Negative Mood
5. Persistent inability to experience positive emotions.
Dissociative Symptoms
6. An altered sense of the reality of one’s surroundings or oneself.
7. Inability to remember an important aspect of the traumatic event(s).
Avoidance Symptoms
8. Efforts to avoid distressing memories, thoughts, or feelings about or closely related with the traumatic event(s).
Arousal Symptoms
9. Efforts to avoid external reminders that arouse distressing memories, thoughts or feelings about or closely related with the traumatic event(s).
10. Sleep disturbance.
11. Irritable behaviour and angry outbursts (with little or no provocation), typically expressed as verbal or physical aggression towards people or objects.
12. Hypervigilance.
13. Problems with concentration.
14. Exaggerated startle response.
C. Duration of the disturbance is 3 days to 1 month after trauma exposure.
Note: Symptoms typically begin immediately after the trauma, but persistence for at least 3 days and up to 1 month is needed to meet disorder criteria.
D. The disturbance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
E. The disturbance is not attributable or the physiological effects of a substance or another medical condition and is not better explained by brief psychotic disorder.
How many symptoms + trauma do you need for acute stress disorder
9 of any 14
What are the main symptoms of Acute Stress Disorder?
TRAUMA’D3
Traumatic Experience (Real or Threatened)
Re-experiencing (Intrusive thoughts; Dreams, intrusions, psychological and physiological stress from cues)
Avoidance- avoiding external reminders, and avoiding distressing memories
Month - 1 month max duration
Arousal - Reactivity, sleep disturbance, concentration, startle response, irritable
Dissociative Symptoms - Dissociative Amnesia, altered sense of reality
3 - 3 days minimum
