Obsessive-Compulsive & Related Disorders

Question 1

OCD?

Answer 1

A. Presence of obsessions, compulsions, or both:
OBSESSIONS are defined by (1) and (2):
1. Recurrent and persistent thoughts, urges, or images that are experienced, at some time during the disturbance, as intrusive and unwanted, and in most individuals cause marked anxiety or distress.
2. The individual attempts to ignore or supress such thoughts, urges, or images, or to neutralise them with some other thought or action.
COMPULSIONS
are defined by (1) and (2):
1. Repetitive behaviours or mental acts that the individual feels driven to perform in response to an obsession or according to rules that mist be applied rigidly.
2. The behaviour or mental acts are aimed at preventing or reducing anxiety or distress, or preventing some dreaded event or situation; however, these behaviours or mental acts are not connected in a realistic way with what they are designed to neutralise or prevent, or are clearly excessive.
Note: Young children may not be able to articulate the aims of these behaviours or mental acts.

B. The obsessions or compulsions are time-consuming or cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

C. The obsessive-compulsive symptoms are not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance or another medical condition.

D. The disturbance is not better explained by the symptoms of another mental disorder.

Question 2

What are compulsions

Answer 2

Compulsions are defined by (1) and (2):

1. Repetitive behaviours or mental acts that the individual feels driven to perform in response to an obsession or according to rules that mist be applied rigidly.
2. The behaviour or mental acts are aimed at preventing or reducing anxiety or distress, or preventing some dreaded event or situation; however, these behaviours or mental acts are not connected in a realistic way with what they are designed to neutralise or prevent, or are clearly excessive.

Question 3

What are obsessions

Answer 3

Obsessions are defined by (1) and (2):

1. Recurrent and persistent thoughts, urges, or images that are experienced, at some time during the disturbance, as intrusive and unwanted, and in most individuals cause marked anxiety or distress.
2. The individual attempts to ignore or supress such thoughts, urges, or images, or to neutralise them with some other thought or action.

Question 4

what are some primary OCD beliefs?

Answer 4

• Inflated responsibility
• Intolerance of uncertainty
• Thought action fusion
– Thinking is as bad as doing, or will increase the chance of it happening

Question 5

Body Dysmorphic Disorder?

Answer 5

A. Preoccupation with one or more perceived defects or flaws in physical appearance that are not observable or appear slight to others.

B. At some point during the course of the disorder, the individual has performed repetitive behaviours or mental acts in response to the appearance concerns.

C. The preoccupation causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

D. The appearance preoccupation is not better explained by concerns with body fat ore weight in an individual whose symptoms meet diagnostic criteria for an eating disorder.

Question 6

Hoarding disorde

Answer 6

A. Persistent difficulty discarding or parting with possessions, regardless of their actual value.
B. This difficulty is due to a perceived need to save the items and to distress associated with discarding them.
C. The difficultly discarding possessions results in the accumulation of possessions that congest and clutter active living areas and substantially compromises their intended use. If living areas are uncluttered it is only because of the interventions of third parties.
D. The hoarding causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
E. The hoarding is not attributable to another medical condition.
F. The hoarding is not better explained by the symptoms of another mental disorder.

Question 7

Trichotillomania?

Answer 7

A. Recurrent pulling out if one’s hair, resulting in hair loss.
B. Repeated attempts to decrease or stop hair pulling.’
C. The hair pulling causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
D. The hair pulling or hair loss is not attributable to another medical condition.
E. The hair pulling is not better explained by the symptoms of another mental disorder.

Question 8

Excoriation

Answer 8

A. Recurrent skin picking resulting in skin lesions.
B. Repeated attempts to decrease or stop skin picking.
C. The skin picking causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
D. The skin picking is not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance or another medical condition.
E. The skin picking is not better explained by the symptoms of another mental disorder.

Question 9

What kind of specifiers do ocd and other disorders have

Answer 9

With good or fair insight:
With poor insight:the contrary.
With absent insight/delusional beliefs:.

Question 10

What complications are associated with trichotillomania?

Answer 10

• Medical complications:
– skin irritations, infections, repetitive hand-use injuries; gastro complications (trichobezoars – hairballs)

• Impairment: considerable
– Missing work/ school
– Spending ++ on methods of concealment – Peer rejection and social stigma