post-natal development of the visual system - Merrick

Question 1

what is the rate of maturation of an infants acuity as they get older?

Answer 1

1 cycle/deg per month until they get to 10 cycles/deg

Question 2

do you get higher values for acuity when measuring with a visually evoked potential? or lower?

Answer 2

much higher

Question 3

what sized spatial frequencies do we have higher acuity for?

Answer 3

medium sized

LOOK AT CS GRAPH ON SLIDE 16

Question 4

where does the visual pathway start?

Answer 4

tear film

Question 5

where does the visual pathway end?

Answer 5

extra-striate cortex

Question 6

what is the critical limiting factor of visual development?

Answer 6

foveal developmetn

Question 7

wht does the fovea look like at birth?

Answer 7

ill-defined pit with the inner retinal cell layers present

Question 8

what does the fovea look like as an adult?

Answer 8

obvious point, with inner retinal cell layers moved aside

Question 9

which kind of acuity is almost always present at birth ?

Answer 9

CFF (critical flicker fusion)

Question 10

which kind of acuity has the lowest threshold?

Answer 10

vernier acuity

Question 11

do we have colour perception at birth?

Answer 11

no

Question 12

can you measure VA and CS at birth?

Answer 12

yes

Question 13

can you measure OKN eye movements at birth?

Answer 13

yes

Question 14

what is the most likely acuity at 1 month? (cycles/deg)

Answer 14

1 cycle/deg

Question 15

at 2 months, which colour are we unable to see?

Answer 15

yellow

Question 16

do we have stereovision at 3 months?

Answer 16

no

Question 17

when do we get stereovision?

Answer 17

6 months

Question 18

at what age do the eyes grow and change shape?

Answer 18

6 years old

Question 19

at what age does the fovea differentiate?

Answer 19

5 years

Question 20

when does myelination occur?

Answer 20

2 years

Question 21

when does the growth and refinement of synaptic connections in the visual cortex occur?

Answer 21

8 years

Question 22

when do the ocular muscles grow and differentiate?

Answer 22

6 months

Question 23

what is the power of the cornea and lens at birth?

Answer 23

55.34D

Question 24

what is the power of the cornea and lens at 1 year?

Answer 24

44.28 D

Question 25

what is the power of the cornea and lens at 6 years?

Answer 25

43.25

Question 26

what is the mean refractive error at birth?

Answer 26

+2.50D

Question 27

what is the mean refractive error at 1 year?

Answer 27

+1.50

Question 28

what is the mean refractive error at 6 years?

Answer 28

+1.0D

Question 29

name a method to test visual acuity in infants?

Answer 29

forced choice preferential looking test

Question 30

what is the difference between lower spatial frequency and high spatial frequency in relation to rods and cones?

Answer 30

lower: less dense, higher: more densely packed