Post Midterm Concepts Flashcards
*5.ch
character
*5.the
there
*5.ou
ought
*5.wh
where
*5.th
through
*45.u
upon
*45.the
these
*45.wh
whose
*45w
word
*45.th
those
character
*5.ch
there
*5.the
ought
*5.ou
where
*5.wh
through
*5.th
upon
*45.u
these
*45.the
whose
*45.wh
word
*45w
those
*45th
When can you use upon, these, those, and whose as part of another word?
When their meanings are retained
When can you use “word” as part of another word?
Always!
cannot
*456c
many
*456m
their
*456the
had
*456h
spirit
*456s
world
*456w
*456w
world
*456s
spirit
*456h
had
*456the
their
*456c
cannot
*456m
many
Can you use *45u (upon) in coupon?
NO
above
abv
across
acr
according
ac
afternoon
afn
afterward
afw
almost
alm
already
alr
also
al
altogether
alt
always
alw
neither
nei
itself
xf
perhaps
p.er.h
necessary
nec
together
tgr
tgr
together
nec
necessary
p.er.h
perhaps
xf
itself
nei
neither
alw
always
alt
altogether
al
also
alr
already
alm
almost
afw
afterward
afn
afternoon
acr
across
When a choice must be made between two consecutive contractions, preference is given to the contraction that…
most nearly approximates the correct pronounciation
What is the rule for when *456.h can be used?
*456.h can be used when the “a” is short
What are some names that might need the grade 1 indicator before them to avoid confusion with shortform words?
Ab or Al
When can the following shortform words be used as parts of other words? blind, first, friend, good, letter, little, and quick
They may be used when they begin the word and are not followed by a vowel or letter y
When can you use the shortforms for braille and great in other words?
When the longer word stands alone (preceded and followed by a space, hyphen or dash)
When can the shortform for children be used in other words?
It can be used at all times unless followed by the letter y
Can you use BL in blinded?
No, it would be read as “bled”
Can you use FR in befriended?
No, it must be used at the beginning
Can you use AF in aftereffect?
No, it is followed by a vowel
Can you use BL in blinding?
No, it would be read as “bling”
Can you AF in rafters?
No, it must be used at the beginning
named
*5n.d (don’t add ed, just d!)
littlest
l.l.st
brailled
b.r.l.d (no ed - don’t get tricked!)
timer
*t.r (no er - don’t get tricked!)
wherever
wh.er.*e (use ever, not here)
partial
*p.i.a.l (not sure why the book though this was tricky…)
brailler
b.r.l.r (no er - don’t get tricked!)
naming
n.a.m.ing (don’t try to use *5n- there is no e in naming)
littler
l.l.r (don’t add er, only needs an r)
braillist
b.r.a.i.l.l.i.st (don’t use brl - no e in braillist)
timed
*t.d (no ed, don’t get tricked!)
hashtag/crosshatch/pound sign
456/1456
ampersand (&)
4/and
copyright (symbol)
45/c (space before)
trademark (symbol)
45/t (no space before)
registered (symbol)
45/r (no space before)
What’s the rule for using “here” and “name” in longer words?
“here” and “name” can be used when they are pronounced as one syllable
Can you use GD in Mr. Goode?
NO
Can you use BRL in brailling?
NO - there is no e
Can you use *5the in ethereal?
NO
Can you use *45u in coupon?
NO - the meaning of upon is not retained
Can you use *45the in theses
NO - the meaning of these is not retained
be
23
enough
26
his
236
in
35
was
356
were
2356
When can you NOT use the lower wordsigns (his, were, was, be)
You cannot use the lower wordsigns when in contact with punctuation.
Can you use the lower wordsigns (in, his, enough, were, was, be) after typeform indicators?
Yes, you can, since they use the top dots.
When can you use punctuation and the word “enough”?
You can use “enough” with punctuation if the sequence includes a sign with an upper dot (even if not directly before or after).
What are the two lower wordsigns that can be in a sequence with punctuation as long as there is a sign with an upper dot?
enough, in
What are the lower wordsigns that cannot be used with punctuation?
was, his, be, were
declare
d.c.l
deceive
d.c.v
perceive
p.er.c.v
receive
r.c.v
rejoice
r.j.c
declaring
d.c.l.g
deceiving
d.c.v.g
perceiving
p.er.c.v.g
receiving
r.c.v.g
rejoicing
r.j.c.g
d.c.l.g
declaring
d.c.v.g
deceiving
p.er.c.v.g
perceiving
r.c.v.g
receiving
r.j.c.g
rejoicing
d.c.l
declare
d.c.v
deceive
p.er.c.v
perceive
r.c.v
receive
r.j.c
rejoice
What is the rule for using be, were, his, and was wordsigns?
These lower signs can be used when they stand alone, and cannot be in contact with any punctuation that has only lower dots. (capital indicators don’t count!)
Was that his? - can you use lower wordsign “was” ?
YES - “was” is not in contact with any punctuation containing lower wordsigns
“Was that his?” - can you use lower wordsign “was”?
NO - “was” is adjacent to quotation marks, which only use the lower dots
What is the rule for using the lower wordsign enough?
You can use EN for “enough” with lower punctuation as long as the sequence includes a sign with an upper dot.
What is the rule for using lower wordsign in?
You can use IN for “in” with lower punctuation as long as the sequence includes a sign with an upper dot.
renew
r.en.e.w
denote
d.en.o.t.e
antinovel
a.n.t.in.o.v.e.l
forenoon
for.e.n.o.o.n
toenail
t.o.e.n.a.i.l
How many lower signs can be together?
No limit to number of lower signs that can be together, as long as one of them has a dot 1 or 4.
There is enough! Can you use EN for enough?
NO - it would only have lower signs in the sequence.
What is the rule for using lower groupsigns be, con, dis? (5 rules)
They must form the first syllable of a word, and must be followed by a letter or contraction. They cannot be used immediately before a hyphen. They cannot be at the beginning of a braille line after a word is divided at the end of a line. They cannot be followed by a capital indicator.
bell
b.e.l.l
beckon
b.e.c.k.o.n
cones
c.*5.o.s
connect
con.n.e.c.t
coney
c.*5.o.y
disc
d.i.s.c
non-believer - can you use BE lower groupsign?
YES
BeLinda - can you use BE lower groupsign?
NO - followed by a capital
Can you use CON lower groupsign in Conn.?
YES - it would be used in the unabbreviated form, and it is followed by at least one letter.
Can you use CON in cont? (abbreviation for continued)
YES - it would be used in the unabbreviated form, and it is followed by at least one letter.
Can you use CON in Con. (for consolidated)?
NO - even though it would be used in the word consolidated, the abbreviation must have one additional letter to use CON.
What is the rule for using bb, cc, ff, gg, ea?
You can use them when the letters they represent are preceded and followed by a letter or contraction. Do not use them when they are preceded or followed by a capital indicator.
egg
e.g.g
tea
t.e.a
cuff
c.u.f.f
SeaWorld
S.e.a.World - can’t use EA because there is a capital letter following
What is the rule regarding EA and prefixes?
You cannot use EA when bridging a prefix and the remainder of the word, though it can be followed by a suffix.
Can you use EA in deactivate?
NO - bridges prefix/root
Can you use EA in preamble?
NO - bridges prefix/root
Can you use EA in agreeable?
NO - bridges prefix/root
Which has preference - strong groupsigns or lower groupsigns?
strong groupsigns have preference (ch, sh, th…)
When would you use a lower groupsign in preference to a initial-letter contraction?
When the same amount of space is saved.
When are be, con, and dis in preference to other groupsigns?
When they form the first syllable of a word.
When can you NOT use be, con, and dis?
They cannot stand alone as syllables at the beginning of a line in a divided word, and cannot be in contact with a hyphen in a divided or syllabized word.
What is the rule for ea, bb, cc, ff, gg and compound words?
They can be the first or second part of a compound word, but not divided between them
Can you use EA in hideaway?
NO - split across compound words
Can you use BB in dumbbell?
NO - split across compound words
because
be.c
before
be.f
behind
be.h
below
be.l
beneath
be.n
beside
be.s
between
be.t
beyond
be.y
conceive
con.c.v
conceiving
con.c.v.g
be.c
because
be.f
before
be.h
behind
be.l
below
be.n
beneath
be.s
beside
be.t
between
be.y
beyond
conceive
con.c.v
conceiving
con.c.v.g
subscript
grade 1 indicator/26
superscript
grade 1 indicator/35
Finish this rule: When two or more lower signs follow one another without being in contact with an upper sign…
… the final lower groupsign must not be used
Can be, con, and dis be used before an apostrophe?
NO
True or False? A lower wordsign may not follow the capital dot, because two lower signs may not be used together.
FALSE - the capital dot is not considered a lower sign
True or False? In “dreary” use the ar sign because strong groupsigns are used in preference to lower-cell groupsigns if an equal amount of space is saved.
TRUE - this rule also applies in preference for CH over CC, and FOR over FF
True or False? The sign CON may never be used in the medial position, because it would be confused with CC.
TRUE - CON can only be used at the beginning of a word
True or False? If “muffin” were followed by a colon, the IN sign should not be used, because there would then be three lower signs in direct contact with each other.
FALSE - any number of lower groupsigns can be used together, as long as there is a dot 1 or 4 in the sequence
True or False? Dots 256 are identified in meaning only by their relation to other characters.
TRUE - 256 at the beginning of a word is DIS, and in the middle and end of the word is a decimal or period.
True or False? The sign for CON may be used as long as it represents the first three letters of the word.
FALSE - CON must also be the first syllable of a word and must be followed by a letter or contraction
True or False? The sign for BE may be used as long as it represents a complete syllable.
FALSE - BE must stand for the FIRST syllable.
True or False? Whenever there is a choice, the sign for CH is used in preference to the sign for CC.
TRUE - use strong groupsigns over lower groupsigns
True or False? When the word bidden is followed by a comma, the EN sign may not be used.
FALSE - any number of lower signs may be used as long as one is in contact with dots 1 or 4, which the letter “b” would fulfill
True or False? When there is a choice, the sign for FOR is used in preference to the sign for FF.
TRUE - use strong groupsigns over lower groupsigns
True or False? The sign for EA may not be used at the beginning of the word unless preceded by another word in a compound word.
TRUE - the EA sign cannot be used at the beginning of a word, but can be used in compound words like “southeast” or “motheaten”
True or False? The EA sign and the double-letter signs may not be used at the end of a root or base word even when followed by a suffix.
FALSE - they may be used a the end of a root word if followed by a suffix
True or False? Only two lower wordsigns may follow in sequence.
FALSE - any number may be used as long as one of the signs in the sequence uses dot 1 or 4
True or False? The signs for con, be, and dis may only be used at the beginning of a word and may not be used when preceded by any letters.
TRUE - they can only be used when at the beginning of a word, make up the first syllable, and are followed by a letter or contraction
True or False? The meaning of the character formed by dots 3-5-6 is determined only by its position relative to other characters.
TRUE - standing alone, it is “was”, at the end of a word it is closing quotation marks
True or False? You can use the contraction for “were” after an open parenthesis symbol.
TRUE - opening parenthesis uses dot 1 so WERE can be used.
True or False? You can use the lower groupsign FF in the name CliffSide.
FALSE - do not use the lower groupsigns when preceded or followed by a capital indicator
True or False? The signs for EN and IN may be used in the final position within a word because these characters have not been assigned any meaning as punctuation marks.
TRUE - the contractions for EN and IN can be used in any position in words
True or False? The EA sign is used in preference to the AR sign.
FALSE - the AR sign has preference over EA
True or False? When the word “shut-ins” is divided between two lines, you can use the IN groupsign on the next line.
TRUE - when a hyphenated word is divided, retain the use of the contractions unless the sequence would result in only lower signs
befriended
be.f.r.i.en.d.ed
blessed
b.less.ed
beforehand
be.f.h.and
above-mentioned
a.b.v.-.m.en.tion.ed
reverence
r.*5.e.ence
atoned
a.t.o.n.ed
air-conditioned
a.i.r-con.d.i.tion.ed
cancellation
c.ance.l.l.a.tion
thence
th.ence
kilowatt
k.i.l.o.w.a.t.t
mustard
m.st.ar.d
coniferous
c.o.n.i.f.er.ou.s
commentary
c.o.m.ment.ar.y
ful
56/123(l)
ment
56/t
ong
56/g
ity
56/y
ound
46/d
ount
46/t
sion
46/n
tion
56/n
less
46/s
ness
56/s
parallel symbol
number indicator/123 (l) - no gr 1 indicator
perpendicular symbol
number indicator/36 - no gr 1 indicator
shape indicator
gr 1 indicator/1246/numeric indicator
triangle
gr 1/1246/numeric indicator/14(number 3 for 3 sides)
square
gr 1/1246/numeric indicator/145(number 4 for 4 sides)
circle
gr 1/shape indicator/123456 (note- no numeric indicator)
shape terminator (if no space after shape name)
156
Where does the shape terminator go?
Immediately after the shape name (ABC) if there is no space following
What needs to come before the “shape indicator”?
Grade 1 symbol
Which shape doesn’t need the numeric indicator?
circle
assignment
a.s.s.i.g.n.ment
discuss
dis.c.u.s.s.
accent grave \
45/ch
accent acute /
45/st
accent circumflex ^
45/sh
accent cedilla
45/and
accent tilde
45/er
umlaut
45/colon
Where should you place the accent sign?
before the accented letter
In a capital letter, where do you place the accent sign?
Between the capital dot and the letter (one of the only cases in which the capital dot is separated from the letter)
Can a modified letter be part of a contraction?
NO
screeched
s.c.r.e.e.ch.ed (no ee - no such thing!)
Which symbols do NOT terminate the number indicator? (6)
ten digits, period, comma, numeric space-digit symbol, simple numeric fraction line, two line continuation indicators
Which symbols terminate the number indicator? (7)
hyphen, dash, colon, letter, parentheses, slash/oblique sign, space
H.E.B.
cap/h/period/cap/e/period/cap/b/period
ditto mark
5/2
tally mark
456
4 tally marks with strike through
456/456/456/456/25
line continuation indicator
*5
line continuation indicator without comma
5/5
numeric space indicator
*5
general fraction indicator - open
gr 1(often)/12356
general fraction indicator - close
gr 1(if after a letter, not if in numeric mode)/23456
long dash
5/6/36
underscore/low line
46/36
backslash
456/16
paragraph
45/p
section sign
45/s
tilde/swung slash
4/35
How many low line symbols would you use? D_ _ I
2
How many low line symbols would you use? D______M
1
When is the long dash used?
When the text already contains a regular dash
G-d
gr1/cap/g/-/gr 1/d
stoned
st.o.n.ed
intoned
in.t.o.n.ed
been
b.e.en
around
ar.ound
Tennessee
T.en.ness.ee
France
F.r.ance
among
a.m.ong
call 1 800…
1*5.800
C-O-X
gr1.gr1.cap.c.-.cap.o.-.cap.x
gr1.e.-.m.a.i.l
Hm (like a thinking sound)
gr1.cap.h.m.
X-rays
gr1.cap.x.-.r.a.y.s
begin
be.g.in
amount
a.m.ount
phoned
p.h.o.n.ed (no *5 o)
near
n.e.ar
ful
56.l
Does a number terminate a capital word indicator?
TOYS4KIDS
Yes - so in a word with a number, the capital indicator must be repeated after the number (TOYS4KIDS)
Does a hyphen terminate a capital word indicator? (SELF-ADVOCACY)
Yes - so in a word that includes a hyphen the capital indicator must be repeated after the hyphen (SELF-ADVOCACY)
How would you indicate capitals for FIRESale?
cap.capf.i.r.e.cap.s.a.l.e
How would you indicate capitals for JPMorgan?
cap.cap.j.p.cap.m.o.r.g.a.n
If two unspaced hyphens are used in place of a dash, how should you braille?
Substitute a dash for the two hyphens, unless it is clear that the hyphens stand for two missing letters from a word.
Does a dash terminate a capital word indicator?
Yes.
Is a numeric indicator terminated by a comma?
NO
Is a numeric indicator terminated by a period?
NO
Is a numeric indicator terminated by a space?
YES
Is a numeric indicator terminated by a hyphen?
YES
Is a numeric indicator terminated by a colon?
YES
Is a numeric indicator terminated by a dash?
YES
When does the two-cell sign ENCE take preference over one-cell signs?
When followed by an a , d, or r.
silencer - ENCE or ER?
s.i.l.ence.r
fenced - ENCE or ED?
f.ence.d
Can ANCE be used in ancestor?
No, because final-letter groupsigns cannot begin a word
Can final-letter groupsigns be preceded by a hyphen after a line break?
NO
Can final-letter groupsigns follow a capital letter indicator?
NO
What are 5 words that end in ITY that you can’t use ITY?
Dacoity, fruity, hoity-toity, biscuity, rabbity
Should you use NESS when it’s being used as a feminine ending for a word ending in en or in?
NO - baroness, chieftainess - they do NOT use the NESS ending.
How is the naming of a shape (triangle/square) different in Nemeth and UEB?
In Nemeth, a triangle would have cap.a.cap.b.cap.c but in UEB it would be cap.cap.a.b.c
Can you use *5P in Parthenon?
NO, it would distort the sound of the word
Can you use *5M in chemotherapy?
NO, it would distort the sound of the word
Can you use *5H in heretic?
NO, it would distort the sound of the word
Can you use *456H in shadow?
NO, it would distort the sound of the word
If the letters “here “ are followed by -, -, or _, you would NOT use the *5 contraction, since strong wordsigns have preference over initial letter contractions.
d, n, r (ed, en, er)
If the letters”one” are followed by -, -, or -, you would NOT use the *5 contraction, since strong wordsigns have preference over initial letter contractions.
d, n, r (ed, en, er)
