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Braille > Post Midterm Concepts > Flashcards

Post Midterm Concepts Flashcards

1
Q

*5.ch

A

character

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2
Q

*5.the

A

there

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3
Q

*5.ou

A

ought

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4
Q

*5.wh

A

where

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5
Q

*5.th

A

through

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6
Q

*45.u

A

upon

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7
Q

*45.the

A

these

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8
Q

*45.wh

A

whose

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9
Q

*45w

A

word

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10
Q

*45.th

A

those

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11
Q

character

A

*5.ch

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12
Q

there

A

*5.the

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13
Q

ought

A

*5.ou

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14
Q

where

A

*5.wh

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15
Q

through

A

*5.th

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16
Q

upon

A

*45.u

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17
Q

these

A

*45.the

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18
Q

whose

A

*45.wh

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19
Q

word

A

*45w

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20
Q

those

A

*45th

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21
Q

When can you use upon, these, those, and whose as part of another word?

A

When their meanings are retained

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22
Q

When can you use “word” as part of another word?

A

Always!

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23
Q

cannot

A

*456c

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24
Q

many

A

*456m

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25
Q

their

A

*456the

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26
Q

had

A

*456h

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27
Q

spirit

A

*456s

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28
Q

world

A

*456w

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29
Q

*456w

A

world

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30
Q

*456s

A

spirit

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31
Q

*456h

A

had

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32
Q

*456the

A

their

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33
Q

*456c

A

cannot

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34
Q

*456m

A

many

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35
Q

Can you use *45u (upon) in coupon?

A

NO

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36
Q

above

A

abv

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37
Q

across

A

acr

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38
Q

according

A

ac

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39
Q

afternoon

A

afn

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40
Q

afterward

A

afw

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41
Q

almost

A

alm

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42
Q

already

A

alr

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43
Q

also

A

al

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44
Q

altogether

A

alt

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45
Q

always

A

alw

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46
Q

neither

A

nei

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47
Q

itself

A

xf

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48
Q

perhaps

A

p.er.h

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49
Q

necessary

A

nec

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50
Q

together

A

tgr

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51
Q

tgr

A

together

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52
Q

nec

A

necessary

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53
Q

p.er.h

A

perhaps

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54
Q

xf

A

itself

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55
Q

nei

A

neither

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56
Q

alw

A

always

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57
Q

alt

A

altogether

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58
Q

al

A

also

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59
Q

alr

A

already

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60
Q

alm

A

almost

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61
Q

afw

A

afterward

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62
Q

afn

A

afternoon

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63
Q

acr

A

across

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64
Q

When a choice must be made between two consecutive contractions, preference is given to the contraction that…

A

most nearly approximates the correct pronounciation

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65
Q

What is the rule for when *456.h can be used?

A

*456.h can be used when the “a” is short

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66
Q

What are some names that might need the grade 1 indicator before them to avoid confusion with shortform words?

A

Ab or Al

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67
Q

When can the following shortform words be used as parts of other words? blind, first, friend, good, letter, little, and quick

A

They may be used when they begin the word and are not followed by a vowel or letter y

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68
Q

When can you use the shortforms for braille and great in other words?

A

When the longer word stands alone (preceded and followed by a space, hyphen or dash)

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69
Q

When can the shortform for children be used in other words?

A

It can be used at all times unless followed by the letter y

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70
Q

Can you use BL in blinded?

A

No, it would be read as “bled”

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71
Q

Can you use FR in befriended?

A

No, it must be used at the beginning

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72
Q

Can you use AF in aftereffect?

A

No, it is followed by a vowel

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73
Q

Can you use BL in blinding?

A

No, it would be read as “bling”

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74
Q

Can you AF in rafters?

A

No, it must be used at the beginning

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75
Q

named

A

*5n.d (don’t add ed, just d!)

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76
Q

littlest

A

l.l.st

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77
Q

brailled

A

b.r.l.d (no ed - don’t get tricked!)

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78
Q

timer

A

*t.r (no er - don’t get tricked!)

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79
Q

wherever

A

wh.er.*e (use ever, not here)

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80
Q

partial

A

*p.i.a.l (not sure why the book though this was tricky…)

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81
Q

brailler

A

b.r.l.r (no er - don’t get tricked!)

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82
Q

naming

A

n.a.m.ing (don’t try to use *5n- there is no e in naming)

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83
Q

littler

A

l.l.r (don’t add er, only needs an r)

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84
Q

braillist

A

b.r.a.i.l.l.i.st (don’t use brl - no e in braillist)

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85
Q

timed

A

*t.d (no ed, don’t get tricked!)

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86
Q

hashtag/crosshatch/pound sign

A

456/1456

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87
Q

ampersand (&)

A

4/and

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88
Q

copyright (symbol)

A

45/c (space before)

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89
Q

trademark (symbol)

A

45/t (no space before)

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90
Q

registered (symbol)

A

45/r (no space before)

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91
Q

What’s the rule for using “here” and “name” in longer words?

A

“here” and “name” can be used when they are pronounced as one syllable

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92
Q

Can you use GD in Mr. Goode?

A

NO

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93
Q

Can you use BRL in brailling?

A

NO - there is no e

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94
Q

Can you use *5the in ethereal?

A

NO

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95
Q

Can you use *45u in coupon?

A

NO - the meaning of upon is not retained

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96
Q

Can you use *45the in theses

A

NO - the meaning of these is not retained

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97
Q

be

A

23

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98
Q

enough

A

26

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99
Q

his

A

236

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100
Q

in

A

35

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101
Q

was

A

356

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102
Q

were

A

2356

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103
Q

When can you NOT use the lower wordsigns (his, were, was, be)

A

You cannot use the lower wordsigns when in contact with punctuation.

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104
Q

Can you use the lower wordsigns (in, his, enough, were, was, be) after typeform indicators?

A

Yes, you can, since they use the top dots.

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105
Q

When can you use punctuation and the word “enough”?

A

You can use “enough” with punctuation if the sequence includes a sign with an upper dot (even if not directly before or after).

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106
Q

What are the two lower wordsigns that can be in a sequence with punctuation as long as there is a sign with an upper dot?

A

enough, in

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107
Q

What are the lower wordsigns that cannot be used with punctuation?

A

was, his, be, were

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108
Q

declare

A

d.c.l

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109
Q

deceive

A

d.c.v

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110
Q

perceive

A

p.er.c.v

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111
Q

receive

A

r.c.v

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112
Q

rejoice

A

r.j.c

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113
Q

declaring

A

d.c.l.g

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114
Q

deceiving

A

d.c.v.g

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115
Q

perceiving

A

p.er.c.v.g

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116
Q

receiving

A

r.c.v.g

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117
Q

rejoicing

A

r.j.c.g

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118
Q

d.c.l.g

A

declaring

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119
Q

d.c.v.g

A

deceiving

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120
Q

p.er.c.v.g

A

perceiving

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121
Q

r.c.v.g

A

receiving

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122
Q

r.j.c.g

A

rejoicing

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123
Q

d.c.l

A

declare

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124
Q

d.c.v

A

deceive

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125
Q

p.er.c.v

A

perceive

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126
Q

r.c.v

A

receive

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127
Q

r.j.c

A

rejoice

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128
Q

What is the rule for using be, were, his, and was wordsigns?

A

These lower signs can be used when they stand alone, and cannot be in contact with any punctuation that has only lower dots. (capital indicators don’t count!)

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129
Q

Was that his? - can you use lower wordsign “was” ?

A

YES - “was” is not in contact with any punctuation containing lower wordsigns

130
Q

“Was that his?” - can you use lower wordsign “was”?

A

NO - “was” is adjacent to quotation marks, which only use the lower dots

131
Q

What is the rule for using the lower wordsign enough?

A

You can use EN for “enough” with lower punctuation as long as the sequence includes a sign with an upper dot.

132
Q

What is the rule for using lower wordsign in?

A

You can use IN for “in” with lower punctuation as long as the sequence includes a sign with an upper dot.

133
Q

renew

A

r.en.e.w

134
Q

denote

A

d.en.o.t.e

135
Q

antinovel

A

a.n.t.in.o.v.e.l

136
Q

forenoon

A

for.e.n.o.o.n

137
Q

toenail

A

t.o.e.n.a.i.l

138
Q

How many lower signs can be together?

A

No limit to number of lower signs that can be together, as long as one of them has a dot 1 or 4.

139
Q

There is enough! Can you use EN for enough?

A

NO - it would only have lower signs in the sequence.

140
Q

What is the rule for using lower groupsigns be, con, dis? (5 rules)

A

They must form the first syllable of a word, and must be followed by a letter or contraction. They cannot be used immediately before a hyphen. They cannot be at the beginning of a braille line after a word is divided at the end of a line. They cannot be followed by a capital indicator.

141
Q

bell

A

b.e.l.l

142
Q

beckon

A

b.e.c.k.o.n

143
Q

cones

A

c.*5.o.s

144
Q

connect

A

con.n.e.c.t

145
Q

coney

A

c.*5.o.y

146
Q

disc

A

d.i.s.c

147
Q

non-believer - can you use BE lower groupsign?

A

YES

148
Q

BeLinda - can you use BE lower groupsign?

A

NO - followed by a capital

149
Q

Can you use CON lower groupsign in Conn.?

A

YES - it would be used in the unabbreviated form, and it is followed by at least one letter.

150
Q

Can you use CON in cont? (abbreviation for continued)

A

YES - it would be used in the unabbreviated form, and it is followed by at least one letter.

151
Q

Can you use CON in Con. (for consolidated)?

A

NO - even though it would be used in the word consolidated, the abbreviation must have one additional letter to use CON.

152
Q

What is the rule for using bb, cc, ff, gg, ea?

A

You can use them when the letters they represent are preceded and followed by a letter or contraction. Do not use them when they are preceded or followed by a capital indicator.

153
Q

egg

A

e.g.g

154
Q

tea

A

t.e.a

155
Q

cuff

A

c.u.f.f

156
Q

SeaWorld

A

S.e.a.World - can’t use EA because there is a capital letter following

157
Q

What is the rule regarding EA and prefixes?

A

You cannot use EA when bridging a prefix and the remainder of the word, though it can be followed by a suffix.

158
Q

Can you use EA in deactivate?

A

NO - bridges prefix/root

159
Q

Can you use EA in preamble?

A

NO - bridges prefix/root

160
Q

Can you use EA in agreeable?

A

NO - bridges prefix/root

161
Q

Which has preference - strong groupsigns or lower groupsigns?

A

strong groupsigns have preference (ch, sh, th…)

162
Q

When would you use a lower groupsign in preference to a initial-letter contraction?

A

When the same amount of space is saved.

163
Q

When are be, con, and dis in preference to other groupsigns?

A

When they form the first syllable of a word.

164
Q

When can you NOT use be, con, and dis?

A

They cannot stand alone as syllables at the beginning of a line in a divided word, and cannot be in contact with a hyphen in a divided or syllabized word.

165
Q

What is the rule for ea, bb, cc, ff, gg and compound words?

A

They can be the first or second part of a compound word, but not divided between them

166
Q

Can you use EA in hideaway?

A

NO - split across compound words

167
Q

Can you use BB in dumbbell?

A

NO - split across compound words

168
Q

because

A

be.c

169
Q

before

A

be.f

170
Q

behind

A

be.h

171
Q

below

A

be.l

172
Q

beneath

A

be.n

173
Q

beside

A

be.s

174
Q

between

A

be.t

175
Q

beyond

A

be.y

176
Q

conceive

A

con.c.v

177
Q

conceiving

A

con.c.v.g

178
Q

be.c

A

because

179
Q

be.f

A

before

180
Q

be.h

A

behind

181
Q

be.l

A

below

182
Q

be.n

A

beneath

183
Q

be.s

A

beside

184
Q

be.t

A

between

185
Q

be.y

A

beyond

186
Q

conceive

A

con.c.v

187
Q

conceiving

A

con.c.v.g

188
Q

subscript

A

grade 1 indicator/26

189
Q

superscript

A

grade 1 indicator/35

190
Q

Finish this rule: When two or more lower signs follow one another without being in contact with an upper sign…

A

… the final lower groupsign must not be used

191
Q

Can be, con, and dis be used before an apostrophe?

A

NO

192
Q

True or False? A lower wordsign may not follow the capital dot, because two lower signs may not be used together.

A

FALSE - the capital dot is not considered a lower sign

193
Q

True or False? In “dreary” use the ar sign because strong groupsigns are used in preference to lower-cell groupsigns if an equal amount of space is saved.

A

TRUE - this rule also applies in preference for CH over CC, and FOR over FF

194
Q

True or False? The sign CON may never be used in the medial position, because it would be confused with CC.

A

TRUE - CON can only be used at the beginning of a word

195
Q

True or False? If “muffin” were followed by a colon, the IN sign should not be used, because there would then be three lower signs in direct contact with each other.

A

FALSE - any number of lower groupsigns can be used together, as long as there is a dot 1 or 4 in the sequence

196
Q

True or False? Dots 256 are identified in meaning only by their relation to other characters.

A

TRUE - 256 at the beginning of a word is DIS, and in the middle and end of the word is a decimal or period.

197
Q

True or False? The sign for CON may be used as long as it represents the first three letters of the word.

A

FALSE - CON must also be the first syllable of a word and must be followed by a letter or contraction

198
Q

True or False? The sign for BE may be used as long as it represents a complete syllable.

A

FALSE - BE must stand for the FIRST syllable.

199
Q

True or False? Whenever there is a choice, the sign for CH is used in preference to the sign for CC.

A

TRUE - use strong groupsigns over lower groupsigns

200
Q

True or False? When the word bidden is followed by a comma, the EN sign may not be used.

A

FALSE - any number of lower signs may be used as long as one is in contact with dots 1 or 4, which the letter “b” would fulfill

201
Q

True or False? When there is a choice, the sign for FOR is used in preference to the sign for FF.

A

TRUE - use strong groupsigns over lower groupsigns

202
Q

True or False? The sign for EA may not be used at the beginning of the word unless preceded by another word in a compound word.

A

TRUE - the EA sign cannot be used at the beginning of a word, but can be used in compound words like “southeast” or “motheaten”

203
Q

True or False? The EA sign and the double-letter signs may not be used at the end of a root or base word even when followed by a suffix.

A

FALSE - they may be used a the end of a root word if followed by a suffix

204
Q

True or False? Only two lower wordsigns may follow in sequence.

A

FALSE - any number may be used as long as one of the signs in the sequence uses dot 1 or 4

205
Q

True or False? The signs for con, be, and dis may only be used at the beginning of a word and may not be used when preceded by any letters.

A

TRUE - they can only be used when at the beginning of a word, make up the first syllable, and are followed by a letter or contraction

206
Q

True or False? The meaning of the character formed by dots 3-5-6 is determined only by its position relative to other characters.

A

TRUE - standing alone, it is “was”, at the end of a word it is closing quotation marks

207
Q

True or False? You can use the contraction for “were” after an open parenthesis symbol.

A

TRUE - opening parenthesis uses dot 1 so WERE can be used.

208
Q

True or False? You can use the lower groupsign FF in the name CliffSide.

A

FALSE - do not use the lower groupsigns when preceded or followed by a capital indicator

209
Q

True or False? The signs for EN and IN may be used in the final position within a word because these characters have not been assigned any meaning as punctuation marks.

A

TRUE - the contractions for EN and IN can be used in any position in words

210
Q

True or False? The EA sign is used in preference to the AR sign.

A

FALSE - the AR sign has preference over EA

211
Q

True or False? When the word “shut-ins” is divided between two lines, you can use the IN groupsign on the next line.

A

TRUE - when a hyphenated word is divided, retain the use of the contractions unless the sequence would result in only lower signs

212
Q

befriended

A

be.f.r.i.en.d.ed

213
Q

blessed

A

b.less.ed

214
Q

beforehand

A

be.f.h.and

215
Q

above-mentioned

A

a.b.v.-.m.en.tion.ed

216
Q

reverence

A

r.*5.e.ence

217
Q

atoned

A

a.t.o.n.ed

218
Q

air-conditioned

A

a.i.r-con.d.i.tion.ed

219
Q

cancellation

A

c.ance.l.l.a.tion

220
Q

thence

A

th.ence

221
Q

kilowatt

A

k.i.l.o.w.a.t.t

222
Q

mustard

A

m.st.ar.d

223
Q

coniferous

A

c.o.n.i.f.er.ou.s

224
Q

commentary

A

c.o.m.ment.ar.y

225
Q

ful

A

56/123(l)

226
Q

ment

A

56/t

227
Q

ong

A

56/g

228
Q

ity

A

56/y

229
Q

ound

A

46/d

230
Q

ount

A

46/t

231
Q

sion

A

46/n

232
Q

tion

A

56/n

233
Q

less

A

46/s

234
Q

ness

A

56/s

235
Q

parallel symbol

A

number indicator/123 (l) - no gr 1 indicator

236
Q

perpendicular symbol

A

number indicator/36 - no gr 1 indicator

237
Q

shape indicator

A

gr 1 indicator/1246/numeric indicator

238
Q

triangle

A

gr 1/1246/numeric indicator/14(number 3 for 3 sides)

239
Q

square

A

gr 1/1246/numeric indicator/145(number 4 for 4 sides)

240
Q

circle

A

gr 1/shape indicator/123456 (note- no numeric indicator)

241
Q

shape terminator (if no space after shape name)

A

156

242
Q

Where does the shape terminator go?

A

Immediately after the shape name (ABC) if there is no space following

243
Q

What needs to come before the “shape indicator”?

A

Grade 1 symbol

244
Q

Which shape doesn’t need the numeric indicator?

A

circle

245
Q

assignment

A

a.s.s.i.g.n.ment

246
Q

discuss

A

dis.c.u.s.s.

247
Q

accent grave \

A

45/ch

248
Q

accent acute /

A

45/st

249
Q

accent circumflex ^

A

45/sh

250
Q

accent cedilla

A

45/and

251
Q

accent tilde

A

45/er

252
Q

umlaut

A

45/colon

253
Q

Where should you place the accent sign?

A

before the accented letter

254
Q

In a capital letter, where do you place the accent sign?

A

Between the capital dot and the letter (one of the only cases in which the capital dot is separated from the letter)

255
Q

Can a modified letter be part of a contraction?

A

NO

256
Q

screeched

A

s.c.r.e.e.ch.ed (no ee - no such thing!)

257
Q

Which symbols do NOT terminate the number indicator? (6)

A

ten digits, period, comma, numeric space-digit symbol, simple numeric fraction line, two line continuation indicators

258
Q

Which symbols terminate the number indicator? (7)

A

hyphen, dash, colon, letter, parentheses, slash/oblique sign, space

259
Q

H.E.B.

A

cap/h/period/cap/e/period/cap/b/period

260
Q

ditto mark

A

5/2

261
Q

tally mark

A

456

262
Q

4 tally marks with strike through

A

456/456/456/456/25

263
Q

line continuation indicator

A

*5

264
Q

line continuation indicator without comma

A

5/5

265
Q

numeric space indicator

A

*5

266
Q

general fraction indicator - open

A

gr 1(often)/12356

267
Q

general fraction indicator - close

A

gr 1(if after a letter, not if in numeric mode)/23456

268
Q

long dash

A

5/6/36

269
Q

underscore/low line

A

46/36

270
Q

backslash

A

456/16

271
Q

paragraph

A

45/p

272
Q

section sign

A

45/s

273
Q

tilde/swung slash

A

4/35

274
Q

How many low line symbols would you use? D_ _ I

A

2

275
Q

How many low line symbols would you use? D______M

A

1

276
Q

When is the long dash used?

A

When the text already contains a regular dash

277
Q

G-d

A

gr1/cap/g/-/gr 1/d

278
Q

stoned

A

st.o.n.ed

279
Q

intoned

A

in.t.o.n.ed

280
Q

been

A

b.e.en

281
Q

around

A

ar.ound

282
Q

Tennessee

A

T.en.ness.ee

283
Q

France

A

F.r.ance

284
Q

among

A

a.m.ong

285
Q

call 1 800…

A

1*5.800

286
Q

C-O-X

A

gr1.gr1.cap.c.-.cap.o.-.cap.x

287
Q

e-mail

A

gr1.e.-.m.a.i.l

288
Q

Hm (like a thinking sound)

A

gr1.cap.h.m.

289
Q

X-rays

A

gr1.cap.x.-.r.a.y.s

290
Q

begin

A

be.g.in

291
Q

amount

A

a.m.ount

292
Q

phoned

A

p.h.o.n.ed (no *5 o)

293
Q

near

A

n.e.ar

294
Q

ful

A

56.l

295
Q

Does a number terminate a capital word indicator?

TOYS4KIDS

A

Yes - so in a word with a number, the capital indicator must be repeated after the number (TOYS4KIDS)

296
Q

Does a hyphen terminate a capital word indicator? (SELF-ADVOCACY)

A

Yes - so in a word that includes a hyphen the capital indicator must be repeated after the hyphen (SELF-ADVOCACY)

297
Q

How would you indicate capitals for FIRESale?

A

cap.capf.i.r.e.cap.s.a.l.e

298
Q

How would you indicate capitals for JPMorgan?

A

cap.cap.j.p.cap.m.o.r.g.a.n

299
Q

If two unspaced hyphens are used in place of a dash, how should you braille?

A

Substitute a dash for the two hyphens, unless it is clear that the hyphens stand for two missing letters from a word.

300
Q

Does a dash terminate a capital word indicator?

A

Yes.

301
Q

Is a numeric indicator terminated by a comma?

A

NO

302
Q

Is a numeric indicator terminated by a period?

A

NO

303
Q

Is a numeric indicator terminated by a space?

A

YES

304
Q

Is a numeric indicator terminated by a hyphen?

A

YES

305
Q

Is a numeric indicator terminated by a colon?

A

YES

306
Q

Is a numeric indicator terminated by a dash?

A

YES

307
Q

When does the two-cell sign ENCE take preference over one-cell signs?

A

When followed by an a , d, or r.

308
Q

silencer - ENCE or ER?

A

s.i.l.ence.r

309
Q

fenced - ENCE or ED?

A

f.ence.d

310
Q

Can ANCE be used in ancestor?

A

No, because final-letter groupsigns cannot begin a word

311
Q

Can final-letter groupsigns be preceded by a hyphen after a line break?

A

NO

312
Q

Can final-letter groupsigns follow a capital letter indicator?

A

NO

313
Q

What are 5 words that end in ITY that you can’t use ITY?

A

Dacoity, fruity, hoity-toity, biscuity, rabbity

314
Q

Should you use NESS when it’s being used as a feminine ending for a word ending in en or in?

A

NO - baroness, chieftainess - they do NOT use the NESS ending.

315
Q

How is the naming of a shape (triangle/square) different in Nemeth and UEB?

A

In Nemeth, a triangle would have cap.a.cap.b.cap.c but in UEB it would be cap.cap.a.b.c

316
Q

Can you use *5P in Parthenon?

A

NO, it would distort the sound of the word

317
Q

Can you use *5M in chemotherapy?

A

NO, it would distort the sound of the word

318
Q

Can you use *5H in heretic?

A

NO, it would distort the sound of the word

319
Q

Can you use *456H in shadow?

A

NO, it would distort the sound of the word

320
Q

If the letters “here “ are followed by -, -, or _, you would NOT use the *5 contraction, since strong wordsigns have preference over initial letter contractions.

A

d, n, r (ed, en, er)

321
Q

If the letters”one” are followed by -, -, or -, you would NOT use the *5 contraction, since strong wordsigns have preference over initial letter contractions.

A

d, n, r (ed, en, er)

Braille (3 decks)

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