Post Midterm Flashcards
Scalp layers
Skin Connective tissue Aponeurosis Loose areolar tissue Periosteum
Two layers of dura
Endosteal
Meningeal
Brain layers
Dura mater
Arachnoid layer
Pia mater
layer continuous with brain
Brain
Arachnoid vili protrudes into
Dural venous sinus
Sulcus divides frontal and parietal
Coronal
Sylvian fissure ends in
Insula
What fissure/sulcus divides temporal from frontal and parietal
Lateral fissure
Brainstem (3)
Mid brain
Pons
M.O
Corpus callosum forms
The anterior superior and posterior border around the lateral ventricles
Grey matter is lateral to _____ and include (5)
Caudate nucleus Putamen Globes Pallas is Claustrum Amygdala
CSF pathway
Choroid plexus Lateral ventricle I.F 3rd ventricle Aqueduct sylv 4th ventricle Central canal Subarachnoid space Arachnoid vili Dural sinus
The Brian is supplied by two arteries
Vertebral
Internal carotid
Compartments of the neck enclosed by
Musculofascial collar
Cervical vertebrae have two distinguishing features
Transverse foramina
Bided spinous process except c7
Atlas vs axis
Weight of head (atlas)
Rotation (axis)
Neck structures from sup to inf
Epiglottis Hyoid Thyroid cartilage Cricoid cartilage Thyroid gland Trachea
Thyroid gland is posterior to
Sternocleidomastoid and strap muscles
Thyroid gland is medial to
Common carotid artery
Internal jugular vein
Parathyroid gland is _____ to thyroid lobes
Medial/posterior
Muscle that divides anterior and posterior neck
Sternicleidomastoid
Most anterior strap muscle
Sternohyoid
Most medial strap muscle
Sternothyroid
Posterior muscle of thyroid gland
Longus coli
Posterior neck muscles most deep
Semisoinalis capitis
Posterior neck muscles
Trapezius
Semispinalis capitis
Splenius capitis + splenius cervicis
Internal jugular veins drain into
Left and right brachiocephalic vein
The right common carotid artery arises from
Brachiocephalic artery
The left common carotid artery arises off
The aortic arch
What gland wraps around the posterolateral aspect of the ramus (mandible)
Parotid gland
Gland inferior to mandibular body
Submandibular
How many floating ribs
2
Structures that pass through the thoracic inlet
Trachea Esophagus Carotid A Jugular V Nerves Lymphatics
On an axial image what is the order is the CCA, subclavian and brachiocephalic?
In a diagonal from left to right (left in reference to you)
Brachiocephalic
Lt CCA
Lt subclavian
Anterior chest wall muscles from superficial to deep
Pect major
pect minor
Serratus anterior
Intercostal muscles
Posterior chest wall muscles (4)
Rhomboid major, minor
Latissimus dorsi
Trapezius
Shoulder girdle muscles
The pericardial cavity is where
In the mediastinal cavity
The heart and pulmonary trunk is located in what mediastinum
Middle mediastinum
What is located in the posterior mediastinum
Esophagus
Thoracic aorta
What’s in the superior mediastinum (3)
Trachea
Esophagus
Aortic arch / great vessels
Serous membrane lining chest cavity
Parietal pleura
Serous membrane covering lung surface
Visceral pleura
The lung hilum is ______ to aorta
Hilum is anterior to aorta
In the lung hilum, the bronchus is ______ to pulmonary arteries
Bronchus posterior to pulm arteries
In the lung hilum, the pulmonary arteries are _____ to pulmonary veins
Pulmonary arteries superior to pulmonary veins
Blood flow pathway from left ventricle including valves
Lt ventricle Aortic valve Aorta Body cells IVC/SVC Rt atrium Tricuspid valve Rt ventricle Pulmonary valve Main pulmonary trunk 2 pulmonary arteries Lungs 4 pulmonary veins Lt atrium Mitral valve Lt ventricle
Relationship between esophagus and trachea
Esophagus most posterior
Trachea anterior
What passes under the aortic arch
The right pulmonary artery
The left pulmonary artery is _____ to descending thoracic aorta
Left pulmonary artery is anterior to descending thoracic aorta
What is the long axis view that demonstrates left ventricle and left atrium?
2 chamber view
What view demonstrates 4 chambers of the heart + valves
4 chamber view
What is the 5 chamber view
Same as 4 chamber but instead of visualizing the valves you visualize the aorta
What does the 3 vessel view show
SVC
Aorta
Main pulmonary artery
Owl view
Shows the wall of the right and left VENTRICLES! And papillary muscles
What best demonstrates mitral valve
2 and 4 chamber
What best demonstrates root of aorta?
5 chamber
What best demonstrates myocardial wall?
Short axis/owl
What compartments are enclosed by the musculofacial collar
Visceral, vertebral, vascular compartment
What structure in the neck provides protection for vocal cords
Thyroid cartilage
Structure that provides attachment for larynx and tongue
Hyoid
The thyroid gland is located on anterior aspect of trachea, deep to the muscles true or false
True
What vessel is located directly lateral to the lobes of the thyroid
Common carotid artery
Strap muscle most lateral
Omohyoid
Strap muscle most anterior
Sternohyoid
Of the CCA, parathyroid glands, trachea and esophagus what is most anterior
Trachea
Structure covers the trachea during act of swallowing
Epligottis
What vessel does the CCA arise off?
Brachiocephalic (rt)
Or aortic arch (lt)
Vessel internal jugular vein drains into
Brachiocephalic veins
Muscle deep chain LN usually follow
Sternocleidomastoid
Salivary gland most posterior
Parotid
Of the gluteal muscles, gluteus ____ is most superior
Gluteus medius most superior
Longus, Brescia, Magnus Do what action on the leg
Adductors
The tibia is ____ of the leg
Medial
The ____ is the most powerful extensor of thigh
Gluteus Maximus
The acrimonian is more ______ whole the coracoid is more _____
Acromion more lateral
Coracoid more anterior
Inguinal triable boarders
Superior - inguinal Lig
Lateral - sartorius
Medial - adductor longus
Subsartorial canal is on the what aspect of the thigh
Medial
Biceps femoris are part of what compartment of what area
Posterior thigh (hamstring), most lateral
Subsartotial canal what runs through and how do they travel, what do they turn into where
Femoral artery and nerve - run deeper and more posterior as moving inferiorly. At popliteal fossa becomes popliteal A & V
Hamstrings f3)
Biceps femoris
Semitendinosis
Semimembranosis (wider, flatter)
Anterior compartment of the lower leg
Tib anterior
Extensor hallucis longus
Extensor digitorum long
Lateral compartment lower leg
Fibularis longus
Fibularis brevis
____ and ____ drain into axillary vein - locate each medial and lateral
Cephalic lateral
Basilica medial
A
CB
What nerve is in the carpal tunnel
Median nerve
What head of the bicep lays in the bicipital groove
Long head
Most inferior muscle of the rotator cuff
Teres minor
Most superior rotators cuff muscle
Supraspinatus
The _____ artery feeds the arteries of the upper extremities
Axillary
The ____ fossa is the depression on the posteroinferior aspect of the distal humorous
Olecranon
The ____ artery runs through the upper arm
Brachial
Subscapularis muscle is on the ____ aspect of the scapula
Anterior
Humeral head articulates with the ____ fossa
Glenoid
What bicep head attaches to coracoid process
Short head
Anterior compartment of the forearm does what two movements
Flex
Pronate
Posterior compartment of the forearm does what two movements
Extensor
Supinate
Most medial hamstring
Semimembranosis
