Post-Industrial Britain

Question 1

Dr William Penny Brookes

Answer 1

The founder of the Wenlock Games in 1850.

Question 2

Wenlock Games

Answer 2

Football, cricket, running and hurdles - played by lower class.

Question 3

Wenlock Agricultural Reading Society (WARS)

Answer 3

Resolved to form a class called the Olympian Class which was set up to promote moral, physical improvements.

Question 4

Improvements in Second Half of Industrial Revolution

Answer 4

• Three tier society
• Ex-public schoolboys
• Improved health
• Values of Athleticism
• Communication
• Increase in wages and time for sport

Question 5

Rational recreation

Answer 5

Sports pastimes for lower class organised by middle class

Question 6

Lack of leisure time

Answer 6

Lead to 12 hour working days and one day off (Sunday)

Question 7

Migration of lower class into cities

Answer 7

Looking for work in newly built factories, led to loss of space to play sport

Question 8

Poor health

Answer 8

Pollution, lack of hygiene resulting in little energy to play sport

Question 9

Examples of pageantry and celebrations

Answer 9

Banned led marches of flag bearers and the Olympic hymns were sun, a crown of laurel leaves were placed on the head of the winner

Question 10

The values of athleticism

Answer 10

Physical endeavour with moral integrity spread to the lower classes

Question 11

Urbanisation

Answer 11

Large numbers of people migrating from rural areas into towns and cities, seeking regular work in the factories

Question 12

4 key points of Urbanisation

Answer 12

• Lack of work space
• Large working class population
• Loss of traditional sports
• Change in working conditions

Question 13

Transport key points

Answer 13

• Movement of teams/spectators
• Improved access to different parts of the country
• Cheaper train travel
• Improved access to the countryside

Question 14

Church Influence

Answer 14

Church has facilities like halls
Encouraged civilised behaviour
Increased attendance at church

Question 15

Muscular Christianity

Answer 15

Used sports to get more people to church

Question 16

Emergence of the middle class in a three tier society

Answer 16

Codification
Competition 
Increase in leisure time 
Move to professionalism 
Public provisions

Question 17

Philanthropists

Answer 17

Middle class person helps provide for a better life among the working class.

Question 18

Characteristics of Rational Recreation

Answer 18

Respectability 
Rule based 
Impact of religion 
Gambling controlled 
Purpose built facilities