Possible material questions Flashcards
How do you identify an amino acid?
- Central carbon atom
- Carboxyl group (COOH)
- Amino group (NH2)
- Hydrogen atom (H)
- Side chain (R)
What are the three binding sites?
A site: incoming aminoacyl-tRNAs
P site: peptidyl tRNA
E site: empty tRNAs exit
Differences between types of RNA.
mRNA: messenger of coding sequences.
tRNA: carry amino acids to ribosomes.
rRNA: form the core of a cell’s ribosomes.
Summarize the process of transcription.
Ex) Take a photo of a recipe with your phone.
- Initiation: promoter signals where and when transcription takes place.
- Elongation: appropriate nucleotides are brought together.
- Termination: reaches the terminator sequence.
Summarize the process of translation.
Ex) Process of making the cookies using the image of the recipe on your phone.
- RNA attaches to a ribosome.
- Amino acids are brought to the ribosome by tRNA and linked together to form the polypeptide chain.
- AUG start codon.
- Ribosome reads 3 proteins at a time.
- 3 stop codons: UAA, UAG, UGA
Cellular respiration
How cells break up sugars into energy they can use.
Glucose + oxygen = CO2 + water + ATP
CR products
Glycolysis: 2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, NADH, CO2
Citric aid cycle: 2 carbon, 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 ATP
Electron transport chain: water, ATP
What does DNA ligase do?
Ligase, or join, adjacent fragments to fill the space left by the RNA primer.
What would be the genotype and phenotype frequency of 2 heterozygous genes?
Square chart, 75% dominant.
25% homozygous dominant.
50% heterozygous.
25% homozygous recessive.
Based on the following proportions which organism would you expect to be the most complex?
Look for the highest proportion of non-coding DNA.
If he puts in the size of the genome, the answer would be “you can’t know for sure”
If a patient is B-, what types of blood can he safely accept?
B- and O-
If mom is a carrier of an X-linked disease, who is most likely to express this disease?
Her sons.
What can promote DNA mutation?
X-rays, UV, chemicals.
Which mechanism is used when your DNA contains non-functional bases?
Nucleotide excision repair.
Among a cat population, the mean slowly drifts towards black cats, which is considered an extreme, what type of natural selection does this represent?
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True or false, all mutations are bad and considered a mistake?
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How does the secondary immune response compare to the primary?
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What are the different T cells and what are their functions?
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Of the following, which is not an innate immune cell: neutrophills, leukocytes, cytokines, dendritic cells, natural killer cells.
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From most common, to least, what are the four main elements of the human body?
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You are walking outside, and you begin to sweat, what qualification of life is this?
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Why aren’t viruses considered living? What qualification of life do they lack?
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In what way are environmental and genetic variations different?
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