Possible material questions

Question 1

How do you identify an amino acid?

Answer 1

• Central carbon atom
• Carboxyl group (COOH)
• Amino group (NH2)
• Hydrogen atom (H)
• Side chain (R)

Question 2

What are the three binding sites?

Answer 2

A site: incoming aminoacyl-tRNAs
P site: peptidyl tRNA
E site: empty tRNAs exit

Question 3

Differences between types of RNA.

Answer 3

mRNA: messenger of coding sequences.
tRNA: carry amino acids to ribosomes.
rRNA: form the core of a cell’s ribosomes.

Question 4

Summarize the process of transcription.

Answer 4

Ex) Take a photo of a recipe with your phone.

• Initiation: promoter signals where and when transcription takes place.
• Elongation: appropriate nucleotides are brought together.
• Termination: reaches the terminator sequence.

Question 5

Summarize the process of translation.

Answer 5

Ex) Process of making the cookies using the image of the recipe on your phone.

• RNA attaches to a ribosome.
• Amino acids are brought to the ribosome by tRNA and linked together to form the polypeptide chain.
• AUG start codon.
• Ribosome reads 3 proteins at a time.
• 3 stop codons: UAA, UAG, UGA

Question 6

Cellular respiration

Answer 6

How cells break up sugars into energy they can use.

Glucose + oxygen = CO2 + water + ATP

Question 7

CR products

Answer 7

Glycolysis: 2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, NADH, CO2
Citric aid cycle: 2 carbon, 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 ATP
Electron transport chain: water, ATP

Question 8

What does DNA ligase do?

Answer 8

Ligase, or join, adjacent fragments to fill the space left by the RNA primer.

Question 9

What would be the genotype and phenotype frequency of 2 heterozygous genes?

Answer 9

Square chart, 75% dominant.
25% homozygous dominant.
50% heterozygous.
25% homozygous recessive.

Question 10

Based on the following proportions which organism would you expect to be the most complex?

Answer 10

Look for the highest proportion of non-coding DNA.

If he puts in the size of the genome, the answer would be “you can’t know for sure”

Question 11

If a patient is B-, what types of blood can he safely accept?

Answer 11

B- and O-

Question 12

If mom is a carrier of an X-linked disease, who is most likely to express this disease?

Answer 12

Her sons.

Question 13

What can promote DNA mutation?

Answer 13

X-rays, UV, chemicals.

Question 14

Which mechanism is used when your DNA contains non-functional bases?

Answer 14

Nucleotide excision repair.

Question 15

Among a cat population, the mean slowly drifts towards black cats, which is considered an extreme, what type of natural selection does this represent?

Answer 15

answer

Question 16

True or false, all mutations are bad and considered a mistake?

Answer 16

answer

Question 17

How does the secondary immune response compare to the primary?

Answer 17

answer

Question 18

What are the different T cells and what are their functions?

Answer 18

answer

Question 19

Of the following, which is not an innate immune cell: neutrophills, leukocytes, cytokines, dendritic cells, natural killer cells.

Answer 19

answer

Question 20

From most common, to least, what are the four main elements of the human body?

Answer 20

answer

Question 21

You are walking outside, and you begin to sweat, what qualification of life is this?

Answer 21

answer

Question 22

Why aren’t viruses considered living? What qualification of life do they lack?

Answer 22

answer

Question 23

In what way are environmental and genetic variations different?

Answer 23

answer