Evolution

Question 1

Lamarkian evolution

Answer 1

An organism can pass on characteristics acquired during its lifetime to their offspring and organisms were driven to more complex forms.

Question 2

Darwinian evolution

Answer 2

Those most adapted to exploiting resources are most likely to survive.
natural selection

Question 3

Natural selection

Answer 3

Changes in allele frequency based on the survival and reproduction of others and depends on variation and competition.

Question 4

Patterns of natural selection

Answer 4

Stabilizing selection: selects against the extremes.
Ex) medium skin color.
Directional selection: selects against one of the two extremes.
Ex) dark skin color.
Disruptive selection: selects against the mean.
Ex) only light and dark skin colors, no medium.

Question 5

Hardy-weinberg

Answer 5

Definition: allele and genotype frequencies will remain constant.
Equation: p^2+2pq+q^2=1
Conditions: impossible to achieve. No mutations, no added or subtracted populations, no differences in the survival and reproductive success of individuals.
not very accurate

Question 6

Blood groups

Answer 6

(group A, B, AB, O)
Positives and negatives determined by the RH protein found on red blood cells.
- positive if you have it, negative if you don’t.
A has anti-B antibodies, B has anti-A antibodies, AB doesn’t have any antibodies, O has both anti-A and anti-B antibodies.
A has A antigens, B has B antigens, AB has both A and B antigens, and O doesn’t.

Question 7

Species

Answer 7

A group of individuals that can exchange genetic material through interbreeding (share alleles).

Question 8

Gene pool

Answer 8

All the alleles present in all the individuals in a species.

Question 9

Populations

Answer 9

Same species in the same geographical area.

Question 10

Fitness

Answer 10

Measure of the extent to which an organism’s genotype is represented in the next generation.

Question 11

Artificial selection

Answer 11

Form of directional selection where genotypes are selected by a breeder.

Question 12

Sexual selection

Answer 12

Increase access to reproductive opportunities.

Question 13

Geographical isolation

Answer 13

A population of organisms that is unable to transfer genetic information with those of the same species because of isolation.

Question 14

Sympatric speciation

Answer 14

New species that evolve from a common ancestor while inhabiting the same geographic region.

Question 15

Genetic drift

Answer 15

Depends mainly on population size. (small populations result in the fixation or extinction of allele frequency)
Fixation: change in a gene pool where 2 or more variant alleles in a given population reduce to only 1.