Cell division

Question 1

Cell cycle: g1 phase

part of interphase

Answer 1

The first gap phase where the size and protein content of the cell increases in preparation for the S phase.
- Many regulatory proteins are made and activated.

Question 2

Cell cycle: S phase

part of interphase

Answer 2

The synthesis phase where the entire DNA content in the nucleus of the cell is replicated.

Question 3

Cell cycle: g2 phase

part of interphase

Answer 3

The second gap phase where the cell prepares for mitosis and cytokinesis.

Question 4

Cell cycle: g0 phase

Answer 4

No active preparation for cell division. The phase is present in cell types that do not actively divide.
- Includes liver cells, nerve cells, and those that form from the lens of the eye.

Question 5

p53

Answer 5

Activated when DNA is damaged by radiation.

- Crucial in preventing cancer formation

Question 6

Chromosomes

Answer 6

23 from mom, 23 from dad, 46 total.

Question 7

Haploid vs diploid

Answer 7

Haploid cells only contain one set of chromosomes (think half), while diploids have two full sets of chromosomes.
- All of us are diploids.

Question 8

Products of meiosis I and II

Answer 8

Meiosis I: 2 diploid daughter cells.

Meiosis II: 4 haploid daughter cells.

Question 9

Mitosis

Answer 9

The division of genetic material in a eukaryotic cell.

Question 10

DNA checkpoints

Answer 10

Checks for DNA damage before it enters the S phase and again before mitosis (at the end of G2).

Question 11

Cytokinesis

Answer 11

Animal: ring forms at the equator of the cell and contracts, pinching the cytoplasm and dividing the cell in two.
Plant: vesicles fuse to form a new cell wall (cell plate) in the middle of the dividing cell.