Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

JJ > Positioning for Veterianary Radiography > Flashcards

Positioning for Veterianary Radiography Flashcards

1
Q

describe the position of the patient for imaging of the lateral thorax

A

right lateral recumbancy
forelegs pulled cranially
hindlegs and neck restrained with sandbags
wedge under sternum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

where should the beam be centred for imaging of the lateral thorax?

A

caudal boarder of scapula half to 2/3 of the way down the thorax (depending on chest depth)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

describe collimation for imaging of the lateral thorax

A

ventral and dorsal skin edges

front of shoulder and caudal edge of sternum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is shown in this image?

A

lateral thorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

describe the position of the patient for imaging of DV/VD thorax

A

sternal (DV) or dorsal (VD) recumbancy
support forelegs so not overhanging thorax
rotate until straight from head to toe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the centering point for imaging of the DV thorax

A

midline at highest point of scapulae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the centering point for VD thorax?

A

middle of sternum on midline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

describe collimation for DV/VD thorax

A

all of lungs and edges of chest wall

last rib to thoracic inlet and skin edges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what positioning aid may be useful for VD/DV?

A

trough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

describe the projection in this image

A

DV/VD thorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

if lateral and DV/VD projections are needed what should be done first?

A

DV/VD to prevent collapse of lower lung affecting the resultant image

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what projection should never be attempted in a dyspnoeic animal?

A

VD view

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what stage of respiration should DV/VD thorax be taken at?

A

inspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

describe the position of the patient for imaging of the lateral abdomen

A

right lateral recumbancy
wedge under sternum
forelegs positioned cranially and secured
hindlegs held parallel with pad (prevent rotation) pulled caudally and sandbagged
sandbag over neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

why might some images of lateral abdomen be taken in left lateral?

A

alter gas distribution in stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

where should lateral abdomen exposures be centred?

A

level of last rib (cranial to last rib in large animals), halfway down abdominal wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

describe collimation of lateral abdomen imaging

A

dorsal and ventral skin edges

cranial margin of the diaphragm and the pubic brim

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

when should the exposure for lateral abdomen be taken?

A

at expiration to minimise movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what projection is shown in this image?

A

lateral abdomen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

describe the position of the patient for imaging of the VD abdomen

A

dorsal recumbancy
legs held with sandbags
rotate animal until it lies straight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

where should the VD abdomen be centred?

A

the level of the umbilicus (caudal aspect of costal arch) along the midline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

describe collimation of VD abdomen images

A

lateral skin edges

entire diaphragm and pubic symphasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what x ray projection is shown in this image

A

VD abdomen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

describe the position of the patient for imaging of DP hock and carpus

A

animal in sternal

limb is extended and rotated until straight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

where are DP hock and carpus images centred?

A

over the joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

describe collimation for DP hock and carpus

A

include soft tissues and 1/3 of adjacent long bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what projection is seen in this image?

A

DP carpus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

describe the position of the patient for imaging of mediolateral hock and carpus

A

the side to be radiographed is placed down in contact with the cassette
opposing leg pulled back and sandbagged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

where should mediolateral hock and carpus images be centred?

A

over the joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

describe collimation of mediolateral hock and carpus images

A

include proximal phalanges and the distal part of the tibia/ radiu

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what projection is seen in this image?

A

mediolateral hock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

describe the position of the patient for imaging of the mediolateral elbow and stifle

A

affected joint downwards in contact with cassette
the opposing leg is pulled back and held with sandbags
joint is flexed/extended or neutral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

where should images of mediolateral elbow and stifle be centred?

A

over the joint

34
Q

describe collimation of mediolateral elbow and stifle

A

include distal / proximal ends of long bones

35
Q

what is the projection shown in this image?

A

mediolateral elbow

36
Q

what views of the elbow may be necessary?

A

flexed and extended

37
Q

what is shown in flexed (<45 degrees) view of the elbow?

A

anconeal process and humeral epicondyles

38
Q

what is shown in extended (`120 degrees) view of the elbow?

A

cranial aspect of radial head and humeroradial joint space

39
Q

describe the position of the patient for imaging of the cranio-caudal elbow

A

in sternal with leg exteded
head directed away from limb under examination

horizontal beam: lateral recumbancy with limb to be examined uppermost supported by a pad

40
Q

where should centering be on a cranio-caudal elbow view?

A

over the joint

41
Q

describe collimation of cranio-caudal elbow views

A

1/3 humerus and antebrachium

42
Q

describe the position of the patient for imaging of the caudocranial/craniocaudal stifle

A

animal in sternal with leg pulled out caudally (caudo-cranial)
in dorsal with limb under exam extended (cranio-caudal)

43
Q

where should caudo-cranial / craniocaudal stifle views be centred?

A

below patella

44
Q

describe collimation of caudocranial / craniocaudal stifle

A

proximal tibia and distal femur included

45
Q

describe the position of the patient for imaging of VD pelvis

A

animal in dorsal recumbancy
legs extended and rotated internally until stifles are straight
tie legs and tail
support hocks on pad and weigh down

46
Q

where should images of VD pelvis be centred?

A

over the pubis at level of greater trochanters

47
Q

how can rotation of the pelvis be detected on an image?

A

larger obturator foramen is the higher one - should be symmetrical

48
Q

describe the position of the patient for imaging of the mediolateral shoulder

A

limb under examination placed nearest to film
draw limb forwards to extend shoulder
head and neck extended with sandbags
upper limb retracted and secured

49
Q

where should mediolateral views of the shoulder be centred?

A

the level of and caudal to the greater tuberosity

50
Q

what projection is seen in this image?

A

mediolateral shoulder

51
Q

why must the neck be extended when imaging the shoulder?

A

lifts trachea and ET tube away from the area of interest

52
Q

what is essential to ensure correct positioning for spinal radiography?

A

anasethesia

53
Q

when may anaesthesia not be used for spinal imaging?

A

if spinal injury is suspected so maintaining muscle tone is vital

54
Q

what is the issue with imaging the spine without anaesthesia?

A

images may not be of suitable quality to make a diagnosis - muscle tone can lead to rotation

55
Q

where should pads be placed for spinal radiography?

A 
mid area of neck
mid lumbar spine
between legs to prevent rotation
under sternum
under head
56
Q

why do pads need to be used for spinal radiography?

A

support areas of spine that may dip to make it as parallel to the table as possible

57
Q

why do lots of small images of the spine need to be taken?

A

to ensure the primary beam passes through each joint

58
Q

describe the position of the patient for imaging of the lateral cervical spine

A

lateral recumbancy
support spine using pads to eliminate natural curveture
pull forelimbs back to remove shoulder from area of interest

59
Q

where should an image of lateral cervical spine be centred?

A

at the level of C3

60
Q

describe collimation of an image of lateral cervical spine

A

collimation to include base of the skull and first thoracic vertebrae

61
Q

describe the position of the patient for imaging of ventro-dorsal cervical spine

A

dorsal recumbancy
pull forelimbs down over chest and secure
straighten neck and support with sandbags
extubation necessary

62
Q

where should ventro-dorsal cervical spine images be centred?

A

level of C3 in the midline

63
Q

describe the position of the patient for imaging of the thoracic and lumbar spine

A

lateral recumbancy with the curves of the spine supported
pad between legs to prevent rotation
extend limbs

64
Q

where should an image of thoracic and lumbar spine be centred?

A

area of interest ensuring overlap between films

65
Q

how can you identify rotation of the lumbar spine on an x ray?

A

assess transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae - should be superimposed over each other

66
Q

describe the position of the patient for imaging of the lumbo-sacral junction

A

lateral recumbancy
pad between hind limbs
support spine

67
Q

where should an image of lumbo-sacral junction be centred?

A

middle of an imaginary line between ilial wing and greater trochanter

68
Q

describe the position of the patient for imaging of the ventro-dorsal skull

A

dorsal recumbancy
support using trough or sandbags
position with hard palate parallel to table top
pad under neck and nose if needed

69
Q

where should an image of ventro-dorsal skull be centred?

A

at the level of interest on the midline

70
Q

describe the position of the patient for imaging of the lateral/oblique skull

A

lateral recumbancy

support nose so head is in true lateral or at desired degree of obliquity (which depends on image required)

71
Q

what will centering of a lateral/oblique skull x ray depend on?

A

the area of interest

72
Q

why should the skull be padded to ensure it is parallel when imaging lateral skull?

A

so that teeth and bone o both sides are superimposed over each other

73
Q

describe the position of the patient for imaging of the rostro-caudal tympanic bullae

A

dorsal recumbancy
flex neck until nose is upright
open mouth to forma a ā€˜Vā€™
maintain position with ties/gag

74
Q

where should a rostral-caudal tympanic bullae image be centred?

A

where the tongue disappears at the back of the mouth

75
Q

describe the position of the patient for imaging of the DV intra-oral nose (mandible)

A

sternal recumbancy
support head so hard palate is parallel to table top
imaging plate in mouth
remove ET tube

76
Q

describe the position of the patient for imaging of the VD intra-oral nose (mandible)

A

ventrodorsal

then as for DV (maxilla)

77
Q

how can VD intra oral images be taken on a digital machine?

A

open mouth in VD and angle beam slightly to miss mandible

78
Q

describe the position of the patient for imaging of the lateral pharynx

A

lateral recumbancy
pull forelimbs back towards chest
place pads under nose and neck to prevent rotation

79
Q

where should an image of the lateral pharynx be centred?

A

caudal to the angle of the mandible

80
Q

describe collimation of imaging of the lateral pharynx

A

collimate to include nasopharynx, oropharynx and larynx

JJ (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions