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PTA 100 - Introduction to PTA > Positioning/Draping > Flashcards

Positioning/Draping Flashcards

1
Q

maintaining or pertaining to the same length

A

isometric

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2
Q

Abnormally increased convexity in the curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side

A

kyphosis

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3
Q

Pertaining to a side; away from the midline of the body or a structure

A

lateral

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4
Q

An increase in one of the forward convexities of the normal vertebral columns; a lumbar or cervical lordosis can occur.

A

lordosis

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5
Q

Pertaining to the lower region of the back superior to the pelvis.

A

lumbar

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6
Q

Pertaining to or situated toward the midline of the body or a structure.

A

medial

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7
Q

Movement of the pelvis so the anterior superior iliac spine moves anteriorly or posteriorly to produce an anterior or a posterior tilt or inclination of the pelvis.

A

pelvic tilt (inclination)

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8
Q

Situated at or directed toward the back of a body or object; the opposite of anterior.

A

posterior

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9
Q

lying down

A

recumbent

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10
Q

anteroposterior plane or body section that is parallel to the median plane of the body

A

sagittal plane

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11
Q

to bend the body forward or downward by partially bending the knees

A

stoop

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12
Q

torque

A

The expression of the effectiveness of a force in turning a lever system; it is the product of a force multiplied by the perpendicular distance from its line of action to the axis of motion (T = F × D).

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13
Q

Increased intrathoracic pressure caused by forcible exhalation against a closed glottis.

A

Valsalva phenomenon pressure caused by forcible exhalation against a closed glottis

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14
Q

a quantity possessing magnitude and direction, such as force or velocity.

A

vector

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15
Q

an imaginary vertical line that passes through the center of gravity of an object

A

vertical gravity line (VGL)

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16
Q

movement away from axis or median of plane of body

A

abduction

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17
Q

movement toward an axis or toward the median plane of the body

A

adduction

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18
Q

to become pale; temporary obstruction of blood flow

A

blanch

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19
Q

pertaining to or affected with come; a state of unconsciousness

A

comatose

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20
Q

shortening or tightening of skin, muscle, fascia, or joint capsule that prevents normal movement or flexibility of the involved structure

A

contracture

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21
Q

movement that increases or straightens the angle between two adjoining body parts or bones

A

extension

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22
Q

outward turning or pivoting around an axis

A

external rotation (lateral)

23
Q

movement that decreases the angle between two adjoining body parts or bones; decreases angle between two body parts)

A

flexion

24
Q

extension of a limb or part beyond the normal limit; overextension of a limb or part

A

hyperextension

25
Q

inward turning or pivoting around an axis

A

internal rotation (medial)

26
Q

deficiency of blood in a part of the body from functional constriction or obstruction of a blood vessel; reduction of blood flow

A

ischemia

27
Q

the protuberance of the ischium; the inferior, distal portion of the pelvis

A

ischial tuberosity

28
Q

the softening of a solid by soaking; breakdown of skin due to moisture

A

maceration

29
Q

morphological changes indicative of cell death; tissue has died

A

necrosis

30
Q

the protuberance of the occipital bone; the posterior area of the skull

A

occipital tuberosity

31
Q

the pelvic floor and associated structures occupying the pelvic outlet

A

perineum

32
Q

lying face downward on the ventral (front) surface of the body; lying on the abdomen and chest

A

prone

33
Q

continuous resistance to stretching by a muscle because of abnormally increased tension; pt. with neuro condition (muscles stiffen or tighten preventing normal fluid movement)

A

spasticity

34
Q

lying with the face upward or on the dorsal surface of the body; lying on the back

A

supine

35
Q

sensation testing

A 
greater risk for skin breakdown because they cannot feel what is going on
sharp vs dull
soft touch
2 point discrimination 
Kinesthesia- forms of deep sensation
36
Q

blanch test

A

checking for circulation / capillary refill test
turn white when applying pressure
color returns within 3 seconds

37
Q

turgor test

A

checking for hydration
pinch skin, should snap back
slower bounce back, more dehydrated

38
Q

contraindicated

A

absolutely cannot perform activity or position

39
Q

Braden Scale

A

grading scale for skin breakdown

40
Q

skin quality

A

friction or shearing

41
Q

positioning for wheelchair and bed bound pt.s to prevent contractures:

A

encourage pt. to spend some time with hips and knees extended

explain that maintaining a hip and knee flexed position over time will result in joint and muscle tightness and make it more difficult to walk

in standing- fixed knee and hip flexion increase energy expenditure and makes it easier for the pt. to fall

gravity tends to make the ankle plantar flex

bedfast pt.s may need a positioning device to prevent plantar flexion contractures

42
Q

Area of the skin that breaks down when something keeps rubbing or pressuring against skin. Pressure on the skin reduces blood flow to the area

A

pressure ulcer

43
Q

Positioning after TKA (total knee replacement)

A

encourage pt. to avoid using a pillow under the knee post-surgically

instead, use a towel roll under the ankle. the pt. will feel a pull behind their knee but this is necessary to achieve full extension

44
Q

Positioning after a burn:

A

Position in the opposite direction of scar pull

45
Q

Positioning to affect breathing:

A

pt. with dyspnea (labored breathing) breath more effectively with the head of the bed elevated or propped up with pillows
pt. with chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) generally have difficulty lying prone

46
Q

Positioning to affect peripheral circulation:

A

If there is edema in the legs, elevate the legs unless swelling is due to heart problems.
If there is decreased circulation to the legs, lower legs to improve circulation

47
Q

Positioning in Bed/Wheelchair:

A

Bed positioning: every 2 hours

Wheelchair positioning: every 15 minutes

48
Q

Trendelenburg/Reverse Trendelenburg

A

feel elevated / head higher then feet

49
Q

Overview: Types of Pain

A

Acute- broken bone, dental work, surgery, cut, burn

Chronic- back pain, frequent headaches, arthritis, fibromyalgia

Nociceptive- can be acute, or chronic. Felt with injury or inflammation;
Visceral- internal organs- chest/abdomen: pressure, aching, cramping, squeezing
Somatic- pain receptors in tissues- skin, muscles, bones, tendons (sharp/throbbing)

Neuropathic- dysfunction of nervous system: can include- diabetes, infections, MS, PD, Bells palsy, chronic alcohol consumption, ect. described as burning, numb, tingling, shooting, stabbing

50
Q

Skin Assessment:

A

examination of:
skin color, scar tissue, circulatory changes, temperature, skin hydration, edema, skin mottling, rashes, nodules or lesions, sensation

51
Q

Skin Assessment- Skin Color:

A

Provides information regarding local circulation and potential sensitivity to thermal agents.

Erythema- a pink or red color indicates: an increase in blood flow, a thermal burn, acute injury, reaction to heating or cooling agents, a sting/bite, a sign the area is inflamed.

Pallor: a pale / whitish color- indicates a decrease in blood flow (ischemia)

Cyanotic (cyanosis): bluish color indicates a decrease in blood flow (ischemia)- cold burn, frost bite, gangrenous lesion

52
Q

Clinical Application- Erythema & Maceration:

A

Exposure to too much fluid or moisture on skin cause cause erythema or maceration leading to skin breakdown: incontinence, sweating, or when bandaging is wet

53
Q

Skin Assessment- Localized Edema:

A

swelling from accumulation of interstitial - intercellular fluid

Edema can: cause pain, decrease in nerve conduction, decrease in venous blood flow, decrease sensation and awareness, decrease in joint movement, affect ADLs

54
Q

Skin Assessment- Mottled Skin:

A

Spotty patches or erythema on the skin.
Skin response to over heating or over cooling.
Warning sign of the skin’s inability to properly respond to thermal agents

PTA 100 - Introduction to PTA (7 decks)

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