Positioning/Draping

Question 1

maintaining or pertaining to the same length

Answer 1

isometric

Question 2

Abnormally increased convexity in the curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side

Answer 2

kyphosis

Question 3

Pertaining to a side; away from the midline of the body or a structure

Answer 3

lateral

Question 4

An increase in one of the forward convexities of the normal vertebral columns; a lumbar or cervical lordosis can occur.

Answer 4

lordosis

Question 5

Pertaining to the lower region of the back superior to the pelvis.

Answer 5

lumbar

Question 6

Pertaining to or situated toward the midline of the body or a structure.

Answer 6

medial

Question 7

Movement of the pelvis so the anterior superior iliac spine moves anteriorly or posteriorly to produce an anterior or a posterior tilt or inclination of the pelvis.

Answer 7

pelvic tilt (inclination)

Question 8

Situated at or directed toward the back of a body or object; the opposite of anterior.

Answer 8

posterior

Question 9

lying down

Answer 9

recumbent

Question 10

anteroposterior plane or body section that is parallel to the median plane of the body

Answer 10

sagittal plane

Question 11

to bend the body forward or downward by partially bending the knees

Answer 11

stoop

Question 12

torque

Answer 12

The expression of the effectiveness of a force in turning a lever system; it is the product of a force multiplied by the perpendicular distance from its line of action to the axis of motion (T = F × D).

Question 13

Increased intrathoracic pressure caused by forcible exhalation against a closed glottis.

Answer 13

Valsalva phenomenon pressure caused by forcible exhalation against a closed glottis

Question 14

a quantity possessing magnitude and direction, such as force or velocity.

Answer 14

vector

Question 15

an imaginary vertical line that passes through the center of gravity of an object

Answer 15

vertical gravity line (VGL)

Question 16

movement away from axis or median of plane of body

Answer 16

abduction

Question 17

movement toward an axis or toward the median plane of the body

Answer 17

adduction

Question 18

to become pale; temporary obstruction of blood flow

Answer 18

blanch

Question 19

pertaining to or affected with come; a state of unconsciousness

Answer 19

comatose

Question 20

shortening or tightening of skin, muscle, fascia, or joint capsule that prevents normal movement or flexibility of the involved structure

Answer 20

contracture

Question 21

movement that increases or straightens the angle between two adjoining body parts or bones

Answer 21

extension

Question 22

outward turning or pivoting around an axis

Answer 22

external rotation (lateral)

Question 23

movement that decreases the angle between two adjoining body parts or bones; decreases angle between two body parts)

Answer 23

flexion

Question 24

extension of a limb or part beyond the normal limit; overextension of a limb or part

Answer 24

hyperextension

Question 25

inward turning or pivoting around an axis

Answer 25

internal rotation (medial)

Question 26

deficiency of blood in a part of the body from functional constriction or obstruction of a blood vessel; reduction of blood flow

Answer 26

ischemia

Question 27

the protuberance of the ischium; the inferior, distal portion of the pelvis

Answer 27

ischial tuberosity

Question 28

the softening of a solid by soaking; breakdown of skin due to moisture

Answer 28

maceration

Question 29

morphological changes indicative of cell death; tissue has died

Answer 29

necrosis

Question 30

the protuberance of the occipital bone; the posterior area of the skull

Answer 30

occipital tuberosity

Question 31

the pelvic floor and associated structures occupying the pelvic outlet

Answer 31

perineum

Question 32

lying face downward on the ventral (front) surface of the body; lying on the abdomen and chest

Answer 32

prone

Question 33

continuous resistance to stretching by a muscle because of abnormally increased tension; pt. with neuro condition (muscles stiffen or tighten preventing normal fluid movement)

Answer 33

spasticity

Question 34

lying with the face upward or on the dorsal surface of the body; lying on the back

Answer 34

supine

Question 35

sensation testing

Answer 35

``` greater risk for skin breakdown because they cannot feel what is going on sharp vs dull soft touch 2 point discrimination Kinesthesia- forms of deep sensation ```

Question 36

blanch test

Answer 36

checking for circulation / capillary refill test turn white when applying pressure color returns within 3 seconds

Question 37

turgor test

Answer 37

checking for hydration pinch skin, should snap back slower bounce back, more dehydrated

Question 38

contraindicated

Answer 38

absolutely cannot perform activity or position

Question 39

Braden Scale

Answer 39

grading scale for skin breakdown

Question 40

skin quality

Answer 40

friction or shearing

Question 41

positioning for wheelchair and bed bound pt.s to prevent contractures:

Answer 41

encourage pt. to spend some time with hips and knees extended explain that maintaining a hip and knee flexed position over time will result in joint and muscle tightness and make it more difficult to walk in standing- fixed knee and hip flexion increase energy expenditure and makes it easier for the pt. to fall gravity tends to make the ankle plantar flex bedfast pt.s may need a positioning device to prevent plantar flexion contractures

Question 42

Area of the skin that breaks down when something keeps rubbing or pressuring against skin. Pressure on the skin reduces blood flow to the area

Answer 42

pressure ulcer

Question 43

Positioning after TKA (total knee replacement)

Answer 43

encourage pt. to avoid using a pillow under the knee post-surgically instead, use a towel roll under the ankle. the pt. will feel a pull behind their knee but this is necessary to achieve full extension

Question 44

Positioning after a burn:

Answer 44

Position in the opposite direction of scar pull

Question 45

Positioning to affect breathing:

Answer 45

pt. with dyspnea (labored breathing) breath more effectively with the head of the bed elevated or propped up with pillows pt. with chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) generally have difficulty lying prone

Question 46

Positioning to affect peripheral circulation:

Answer 46

If there is edema in the legs, elevate the legs unless swelling is due to heart problems. If there is decreased circulation to the legs, lower legs to improve circulation

Question 47

Positioning in Bed/Wheelchair:

Answer 47

Bed positioning: every 2 hours | Wheelchair positioning: every 15 minutes

Question 48

Trendelenburg/Reverse Trendelenburg

Answer 48

feel elevated / head higher then feet

Question 49

Overview: Types of Pain

Answer 49

Acute- broken bone, dental work, surgery, cut, burn Chronic- back pain, frequent headaches, arthritis, fibromyalgia Nociceptive- can be acute, or chronic. Felt with injury or inflammation; Visceral- internal organs- chest/abdomen: pressure, aching, cramping, squeezing Somatic- pain receptors in tissues- skin, muscles, bones, tendons (sharp/throbbing) Neuropathic- dysfunction of nervous system: can include- diabetes, infections, MS, PD, Bells palsy, chronic alcohol consumption, ect. described as burning, numb, tingling, shooting, stabbing

Question 50

Skin Assessment:

Answer 50

examination of: skin color, scar tissue, circulatory changes, temperature, skin hydration, edema, skin mottling, rashes, nodules or lesions, sensation

Question 51

Skin Assessment- Skin Color:

Answer 51

Provides information regarding local circulation and potential sensitivity to thermal agents. Erythema- a pink or red color indicates: an increase in blood flow, a thermal burn, acute injury, reaction to heating or cooling agents, a sting/bite, a sign the area is inflamed. Pallor: a pale / whitish color- indicates a decrease in blood flow (ischemia) Cyanotic (cyanosis): bluish color indicates a decrease in blood flow (ischemia)- cold burn, frost bite, gangrenous lesion

Question 52

Clinical Application- Erythema & Maceration:

Answer 52

Exposure to too much fluid or moisture on skin cause cause erythema or maceration leading to skin breakdown: incontinence, sweating, or when bandaging is wet

Question 53

Skin Assessment- Localized Edema:

Answer 53

swelling from accumulation of interstitial - intercellular fluid Edema can: cause pain, decrease in nerve conduction, decrease in venous blood flow, decrease sensation and awareness, decrease in joint movement, affect ADLs

Question 54

Skin Assessment- Mottled Skin:

Answer 54

Spotty patches or erythema on the skin. Skin response to over heating or over cooling. Warning sign of the skin's inability to properly respond to thermal agents