position and time Flashcards
what is ground position?
the aircraft’s position on the surface of the earth vertically below.
what is position line?
line the aircraft is known to be on at a certain time.
e.g physical feature - powerline, river
transit bearing, two or more features on the track
bearings from navigational aids
what can two position lines do?
you can obtain a fix of your position, that is you can tell your exact ground position.
what is dead reckoning?
estimating your position by using a previous fix, and then applying your speed and track from that point.
example of dead reckoning. fix position is over okuku pass, tracking 45 degrees true and having a ground speed of 90kts. (1.5NM every minute) where would you expect your position to be after 10 minutes?
15nm further on the direction of 045degree T
how is position reference found relative to a place name?
giving a position relative to a town or place, e.g. 6nm to the west of culverden
how is position reference found relative to latitude and longitude? e.g a township of ngawi is at latitude 41 degrees 35’S and longitude 175 degrees 14’E
you would say this as latitude 41 degrees and 35 minutes south, longitude 175 degrees and 14 minutes east.
what is height?
vertical distance of a point measured from a specified datum and includes vertical dimension of an object.
what is elevation?
the vertical distance of a point, measured from sea level. in practice refers to the height of an object like a mountain.
what is altitude?
vertical distanced of a point measured from mean sea level.
what is mean sea level?
average level of the surface of one or more of earths bodies of water.
what is AMSL?
altitude aka height above mean seal level.
what is pressure altitude?
the altitude in the ISA with the same atmospheric pressure as that of the part of the atmosphere in question.
explain the effect of a change in mean sea level air pressure on the altimeter reading of a transiting aircraft.
altimeter will read incorrectly. could read high or low
can lead to separation from other aircraft and terrain issues.
explain the effect of a change in temperature on the altimeter reading of transiting aircraft.
pressure lapse rate is less in warm air than cold air meaning that this can cause issues with terrain clearance and separation from aircraft
what are the altimeter setting rules in NZ?
airfract flying 13,000ft or below use QNH and FL150 use 1013.
whar is the application table of crusing levels.
magnetic track between 270 and 89 degrees fly odd plus 500 ft
magnetic track between 269 and 90 degrees fly even plus 500ft
North Odd South Even
IFR flies using same rules but without plus 500ft
what is the warning using NOSE?
only applies to magnetic track not magnetic heading or true track.
e.g required track = 092 degrees true variation = 23 east
92 - 23 = 69 so fly north + 500ft
what is wind velocity?
the strength of the wind and its direction.
what is headwind?
wind blowing directly infront of opposing motion
what is tailwind?
wind blowing in the direction of motion.
what is crosswind?
a wind blowing across one’s direction of travel.
what is heading?
the direction in which an aircraft is pointing
what is track?
the actual path that the aircraft takes over the ground, caused by the aircraft movement and the wind.
