Position and Draping Flashcards
- its the essential aspect of nursing practice
- place or arrange client to specific types of test or assessment
Patient Positioning
Goals of patient positioning
- patient comfort and safety
- maintain patient dignity and privacy
- allows maximum visibility and access for the health worker
Principle of patient positioning
- you must explain the procedure
- encourage clients assistance
- get adequate help if needed
- use mechanical aids when available
- raise or lower clients bed
- frequently change the position of the patient to prevent bed sores
- avoid friction and shearing
- practice proper body mechanics
Common positions
- patient is face up with their head resting on a pad positioner or pillow and their neck in a neutral position. The patient’s arms, maintained in a neutral thumb-up or supinated position, may be tucked at their sides or abducted to less than 90 degrees on armboards
- used for intracranial procedures as well as procedures on the anterior surface of the body
- Also known as Dorsal Decubitus,
Supine Position
Contraindication of supine position
poorly tolerated by clients with cardiovascular problem
Common positions
- provide surgical access to the dorsal aspects of the patient’s body
- used for spine and neck surgeries, neurosurgery, colorectal surgeries, vascular surgeries, and tendon repairs
- patient is positioned face-down with their head in a neutral position without excessive flexion, extension, or rotation. The patient’s arms should be abducted less than 90 degrees with the elbows flexed and palms down to maintain neutral alignment of the arms and wrists
- produces an increase in functional residual capacity and alterations in the distribution of both ventilation and perfusion throughout the lungs which leads to an improvement in the ventilation/perfusion matching and consequently, an improvement in oxygenation
- offers surgical access to the dorsal (posterior) aspects of the patient’s body, such as the spine, neck, and shoulders
Prone Position
Contraindications of Prone Position
Elderly
Common positions
- patient lies on one side
- used for procedures that require surgical access to one side of the patient’s body
- used for surgical access to the thorax, kidney, retroperitoneal space, and hip.
Lateral Position
Contraindications of
- brachial plexus injury
- venous pooling
- diminished lung capacity and DVT (Deep vein thrombosis)
Common positions
- variation of the left lateral position
- patient is usually awake and helps by rolling to his or her left side
Sim’s position
Common positions
- similar to the supine position of the body when the patient is face-up, arms to the sides, but the legs are separated, raised, and supported in a boot-style leg holder or stirrup-style position
- used during childbirth since it provides the doctor with good access to the mother and the baby
Lithotomy Position
Contraindications of Lithotomy Position
Contractures or hip joint diseases
Common positions
- patient lies on the back with the lower extremities moderately flexed and rotated outward. It is employed in the application of obstetrical forceps, repair of lesions following parturition, vaginal examination, and bimanual palpation
- used for medical examinations and procedures involving the abdominal and pelvic regions due to its ability to provide clear visibility and accessibility to these areas.
Dorsal Recumbent Position
Contraindications of Dorsal Recumbent Position
- patients with respiratory conditions or those experiencing difficulty in breathing
- individuals with lower back pain or knee and hip ailments
Common positions
- aka Kraske position
- involves positioning an individual on their stomach (i.e., prone) with hips flexed at a 90-degree angle and their head and legs lower than their hips
- provides visibility of the anorectal area
- allows the surgeon to have improved handling of surgical instruments while maintaining ergonomic posture during a procedure where it may be difficult to reach the surgical field
Jackknife position