Assessing of the Head and Neck

Question 1

Parts of the eye - External

Answer 1

• Eyelid
• Pupils
• Sclera
• Iris

Question 2

Parts of the Eye - Internal

Answer 2

• Cillary Body
• Retina Chorid

Question 3

3 Classification of Assessment of the eye

Answer 3

1. External Examination
2. Papillary Response
3. Functional Examination

Question 4

External Examination

Answer 4

1. visual inspection of anterior
2. palpation of orbital rim to check for fractures
3. visual inspection of conjunctiva, sclera, cornea, and iris
4. position and mobility of eyes observed
5. assess general eyelids, eyelashes, and lacrimal for any redness of eyes, discharge or crusting, excessive tearing

Question 5

Papillary Response

Answer 5

1. constriction of eyes pupils when light is bright and dilates when its dark
2. always shine light at the outer cantus first to prevent eyes from being suprised
3. use yellow light so it wont hurt the patients eyes

Question 6

Functional Examination

Answer 6

1. Focusing power of eyes
2. Confrontation Test
3. Color Sense
4. Visual Acuity Test

Question 7

Functional Examination: Focusing power of eyes
- light entering focused directly on the retina

Answer 7

Normal Vision

Question 8

Functional Examination: Focusing power of eyes
- light focused in front of retina

Answer 8

Nearsighted or Myopia

Question 9

Functional Examination: Focusing power of eyes
- Light focused behind the retina

Answer 9

Farsighted or Hyper myopia

Question 10

Functional Examination: Confrontation Test

Answer 10

Measures peripheral vision

Question 11

Functional Examination: Color Sense

Answer 11

• specially designed color plates to check for color blind issues
• Ishihara test or color blind test

Question 12

Functional Examination: Visual Acuity Test

Answer 12

• Snellen chart
• E chart for people that cant read

Question 13

Function of the ear

Answer 13

hearing and balance

Question 14

How to examine the ear

Answer 14

1. • direct inspection and palpation of external ear
   • using the otoscope to inspect internal parts
   • determine auditory acuity
2. Weber Test - uses tuning fork
   - test for lateralization by placing the tuning fork at the top of head in the middle
   - must be heard by the client equally
3. Rinne Test - uses tuning fork
   - evaluate hearing loss by comparing air conduction to bone conduction
   - conduction hearing loss
   * vibration heard is longer on the bone than in the air
   - sensory nueral hearing loss
   * vibration heard longer on air than on the bone
   - Normal is both bone 2x longer than air and air is 2x longer than bone

Question 15

Major sensory organs found in the head M.E.E.N

Answer 15

Mouth
Eyes
Ears
Nose

Question 16

How to assess the head

Answer 16

Inspection
- normal size of skull is normocephalic
- move each strand of hair to the side to check every inch of the scalp
- if the face is drooping
- assess the strength of neck muscles, enlargement of the 11 lymph nodes on the neck, and other external structure of the neck
- use nasal speculum and penlight to inspect nasal passages
- inspect external nose for symmetry, inflammation, and lesions
- palpate tenderness of frontal, ethmoid, and maxillary sinuses
- examine the mouth and orpharynx

Question 17

4 sinuses on the face

Answer 17

1. frontal
2. maxillary
3. sphenoid
4. ethmoid