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Portugal - SD > Portugal - General, History and Law > Flashcards

Portugal - General, History and Law Flashcards

1
Q

What two treaties contributed to the trade relationship between Portugal and England?

A

Treaty of Windsor (1386)
-established diplomatic alliance

Treaty of Methuen (1703)

  • long-lasting trade agreement, preferential tariffs for Portuguese wines
  • response to ban on French wine sales in England
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2
Q

When did Portuguese sailors discover the Madeira archipelago?

A

1419

colonized and set it on fire bc it was all forest - making it suitable for agriculture

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3
Q

When and where did the English discover port? Early nickname?

A
  • 1687
  • Town of Lamengo in the Douro Valley
  • nicknamed blackstrap bc of strength and richness
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4
Q

What percentage of imported wine in England did Portuguese wine account for by the mid 1700s?

A

2/3

-Port was most desirable

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5
Q

When was the house of Kopke founded? By whom?

A

1638!!

-Christiano Kopke (German)

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6
Q

What three English port houses were established by 1700?

A
  • Warre & Co
  • Croft
  • Taylor’s
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7
Q

Could the houses in Duoro meet demand in the early 1700s? What did this lead to?

A

NO
-fraudulent practices like adding excessing amounts of sugar, alcohol, or coloring with elderberry (like Champenoise)

==> Price of port dropped

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8
Q

Why was Douro Wine Company founded?

A

Companhia Geral dos Vinhos do Alto Douro

-charged with restoring English confidence, eliminating fraud, and installing regulatory measures

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9
Q

What is a feitoria?

A

-One of 335 best vineyards classified by the Douro Wine Company between 1758-1761

  • marked with stones
  • signified fruit destined for English Market
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10
Q

What is a rama?

A
  • Lesser vineyards designated by Douro Wine Company between 1758-1761
  • destined for domestic market
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11
Q

What does the Douro Wine Company survive today as?

A

Royal Oporto Wine Company

-regulatory functions lost over time

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12
Q

What government run body manages the appellation and its regulations today?

A

Douro Port Wine Institute (IVDP)

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13
Q

Where did Madeira start out as most prosperous?

A

English North American colonies and Brazil

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14
Q

What is Vinhos ao Roda and Vinhos Canteiro?

A

Vinhos ao Roda - wines that underwent the torna viagem (round trip) across Atlantic or to East Indies/back

Vinhos Canteiro - wines that matured on Island of Madeira

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15
Q

What is the name for round trip underwent by Madeira wines?

A

Torna viagem

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16
Q

What process replaced lengthy torna viagem by early 1800s?

A

estufagem

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17
Q

What two historical events in American history were famously toasted with a glass of Madeira

A
  • signing of Declaration of independence

- George Washington’s inauguration

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18
Q

What wine diseases and maladies struck in the mid to late 1800s in Portugal

A

1850s - powdery and downy mildew

1867 - Phylloxera

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19
Q

What town near Lisboa is the only one in Portugal to be spared from phylloxera?

A

Colares

20
Q

Other than actual wine, what other product does Portugal famously contribute to the wine industry? Why?

A

CORK!
-many vineyards not replanted after phylloxera

**one of foremost suppliers of cork closures in the wine industry

21
Q

When was Região Demarcada status est? For what regions?

A

1929

-Madeira, Dão, Vinho Verde and others

22
Q

What happened due to political upheaval in the early 20ths C silenced by 4 decades of authoritarian right-wing rule?

A

Junta Nacional do Vinhos (1937)

  • revamped wine industry by consolidating small vineyards into network of larger co-ops
  • quality suffered
23
Q

What two commercial brands of sweet semi-sparkling rosé became the face of Portuguese wine after WWII?

A
  • Mateus

- Lancers

24
Q

When was Portugal admitted to the EU and what did this lead to?

A

1986

  • foreign investment poured in
  • small estates (quintas) severed ties with co-ops
  • new appellation system
25
Q

What is the name for Portugal’s best appellations?

A

Denominação de Origem Controlada (Protegida)
DOC/DOP

*Became DOP in 2009 to maintain EU protection

26
Q

What are the three broad categories for Portuguese wine classification?

A
  • Denominação de Origem Protegida (includes Controlada)
  • Indicação Geogràfica Protegida (IGP)
    • also called Vinhos Regional (VR)
  • Vinhos de Mesa/Vinho - table wine
27
Q

What minimum % of grapes must be grown in stated region for Indicação Geogràfica Protegida?

A

85%

28
Q

How many IGPs as of 2017?

A 
14
Minho
Transmontano
Duriense
Terras de Cister
Beira Atlântico
Terras do Dão
Terras da Beira
Lisboa
Tejo
Península de Setúbal
Alentejano
Algarve
Terras Madeirenses
Açores

(N to S ish)

29
Q

What does garrafeira indicate on a label?

A

“private wine cellar”
-minimum aging before release

  • Tinto garrafeira - min 30 months, 12 in bottle
  • Branco/Rosado garrafeira - min 12 months, 6 in bottle
30
Q

What does vintage garrafeira Port indicate? Who pioneered this style?

A
  • few years aging in barrel, then min. 8 years in glass demijohns
  • Niepoort
31
Q

What does reserva indicate on still vs traditional method sparkling labels?

A
  • still bottles - 0.5% higher alcohol

- trad. method sparkling - min 12 months on lees

32
Q

What is Colheita Selecctionada?

A

indicated 1% higher alcohol content than required

33
Q

What is the term for grape variety in Portugal?

A

casta

34
Q

What is the most widely grown red and white casta in Portugal?

A

red - Castelão

white - Fernão Pires (Maria Gomes)

35
Q

What producer brought Castelão from Tejo to Terras do Sado (now Península de Setúbal) and had great success?

A

J.M. da Fonseca (sister company produced Lancers)

36
Q

What is Periquita

A

brand that J.M. da Fonseca bottled Castelão under in Terras do Sado
-so successful, other producers tried to adopt “Periquita” as moniker/synonym for Castelão

37
Q

What is Portugal’s finest red casta? How much nationally planted?

A
  • Touriga Nacional
  • 10% national acreage
  • percentage often found in country’s premium red table wines
  • treated to new French oak like BDX
38
Q

Synonyms for Touriga Nacional

A

Bical TInto

Mortágua Preto

39
Q

Other red grapes beyond Castelão and Touriga?

A

Alfrocheiro
Trincadeira (Tina Amarela)
Baga
Aragones (Tinta Roriz [Tempranillo!])

40
Q

Where are plantings of Fernão Pires concentrated and what is the grape known as there?

A

Barraida - known as Maria Gomes

-simple honeyed wines - prone to oxidation/low acid

41
Q

What nobler white grape produces elegant floral citrusy wines in the Dão?

A

Encruzado

42
Q

What is Arinto?

A

One of Portugal’s oldest indigenous white varietals

  • lively mineral whites
  • most striking in Coastal regions
  • Bucelas region particularly good
43
Q

Most important white grapes of Alentejano and Vinho Verde respectively?

A

Alentejano - Antão Vaz

Vinho Verde - Alvarinho

44
Q

Name for sercial on mainland?

A

Esgana Cão - dog strangler

45
Q

Three important rivers in Portugal

A

Minho River
Douro River
Tagus (Tejo) River

N-S

Portugal - SD (6 decks)

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