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Advanced Sommelier 2022/2023 > Portugal (Fortified) > Flashcards

Portugal (Fortified) Flashcards

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Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

When was the Douro first demarcated?

A

1756

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2
Q

Body that governs the promotion, production, and trade of all Porto and Douro DOP wines

A

El Instituto dos Vinhos do Douro e Porto (IVDP)

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3
Q

What is the lei do terco?

A

A decree restricting sales of Port to one-third of a house’s total inventory annually

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4
Q

What is a grower’s beneficio authorization?

A

The maximum amount of wine that may be fortified in a given year based on a 12 factor matrix. A total of 2361 points are available.

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5
Q

A grade Port vineyards points earned

A

1,200

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6
Q

B vineyards

A
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7
Q

B grade Port vineyards points earned

A

1,001-1,200

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8
Q

What do more highly graded Port vineyards get to do as opposed to lower graded vineyards?

A

A level sites may vinify the greatest percentage of Port. G and lower may not produce Port.

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9
Q

What is the Moreira da Fonseca method? Name the criteria.

A

The 12 point criteria that Port is graded on including: location, altitude, exposure, bedrock, rough matter, slope, shelter (all of vineyard), and type of vine, planting density, yield training system, and vine age.

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10
Q

Maximum yields in the Douro for red grapes

A

55 hl/ha

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11
Q

Maximum yields in the Douro for white grapes

A

65 hl/ha

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12
Q

Douro preferred red grapes. They must constitute _________ of the blend

A

Touriga Nacional, Touriga Francesa, Tinta Roriz, Tinta Cao, Tinta Barroca, Tinta Amarela, Tinta Francisca, Bastardo, ourisco Tinto. They must constitute 60% of the blend.

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13
Q

Preferred white port grapes

A

Gouveio, Malvasia Fina, Viosinho, Rabigato, Esgana Cao, Folgasao

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14
Q

Describe fermentation of Port

A

2-3 days with the goal of maximizing extraction of color and flavor.

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15
Q

What is Beneficio

A

The Port fortification of wine with spirit. Same as Mutage in French.

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16
Q

What is added to fortify port?

A

Aguardiente, or a 77% neutral grape spirit.

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17
Q

What is the ratio that aguardiente is added to Port?

A

1:4

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18
Q

Which category of Port is produced in drier and lower alcohol styles?

A

White Port

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19
Q

What is a pipe?

A

Traditional barrel (550 L in Douro)
To ship port, the pipe size is 534.24 L

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20
Q

Describe the difference between Tawny and Ruby port

A

Tawny: cask-aged and develops lighter more amber tones of color as it ages in wood.
Ruby: Darker color, more youthful fruit and spice, and more aggressive fiery character.

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21
Q

Ruby port vs Ruby Reserve Port

A

Ruby: often aged in bulk for 2-3 years prior to bottling. Uncomplicated and deep in color
Ruby Reserve Port: Offers more complexity and replaced the term “vintage character” on Ruby labels

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22
Q

Vintage port vs single Quinta Vintage port

A

Vintage port is the expensive style and constitutes 1-3% of production.
Single Quinta vintage port is the product of one estate’s harvest. Often if the house cannot confidently declare a vintage, it will showcase the product of one of its better estates as a vintage wine.

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23
Q

Vintage port aging requirements

A

Aged in cask before being bottled by July 30 of the third year after harvest

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24
Q

Why are back-to-back declared Port vintages rare?

A

Shippers do not want to flood the market. Keeps prices high.

25
Q

Late bottle vintage port aging requirements

A

4-6 years in cask

26
Q

Tawny port vs Reserve Tawny
Tawny w Age indication vs Colheita Tawny

A

Tawny port: most do not undergo the extensive cask aging but are just paler less extracted wines
Reserve tawny: 7 years of age prior to bottling. Blend from several vintages
Tawny w age indication: Labeled as 10-40 years old. Concentrated, developed character. Oxidative state. Has no relation to how long the wines are actually aged, just that they taste as old as they are labeled.
Colheita tawny: vintage dated tawny port. Minimum 7 years in cask.

27
Q

Tawny

A
28
Q

______ will not bottle Colheita tawny until an order is received.

A

Calem

29
Q

Madeira location

A

625 off the coast of Portugal.

30
Q

Permitted production areas for Madeira DOP

A

Madeira or Porto Santo (neighboring island)

31
Q

Poios meaning

A

Walls of basalt stone on Madeira that sustain terraces. They support viticulture on the insane incline.

32
Q

Madeira soils

A

volcanic

33
Q

Madeira regulatory body

A

Embroidery and Handicraft Institute of Madeira (IVBAM)

34
Q

Capital of Madeira

A

Funchal

35
Q

There are _____ production companies registered with the IVBAM but only ___ actively export wne

A

8,6

36
Q

Largest company in Madeira (responsible for half of exports)

A

Vinhos Justino Heriques

37
Q

Second largest company in Madeira

A

Madeira wine Company (has Blandy’s and Cossart Gordon)

38
Q

Largest independent producer in Madeira

A

Henriques & Henriques

39
Q

Describe the role of shipping companies in Madeira

A

They trade, rather than make, wine and are usually based in London. Shipper will buy in bulk and bottle under the shipper’s brand.

40
Q

Name the principal Madeira production companies

A

H.M. Borges, Henriques & Henriques, Madeira Wine Co., Periera d’Oliveira, Vinhos Barbeito, Vinhos Justino Henriques, Faria & Filhos, Madeira Vintners

41
Q

Principal white grapes of Madeira

A

Sercial (Esgana Cao), Verdelho, Boal (bual, malvasia fina), Malmsey (malvasia branca de sao jorge)

42
Q

Workhorse grape of Madeira (accounting for 85% of total production

A

Tinta Negra
Was updated to recommended grape in 2015 and may now appear on labels.

43
Q

In Madeira DOC, if a variety appears on the label, the wine must contain a minimum of ____% of the stated grape if the wine is a multi-vintage blend. If a vintage is indicated it must contain ______ %

A

85, 100

44
Q

How did phylloxera affect Madeira?

A

Tinta Negra displaced Verdelho for most planted grape. American hybrid grapes (Cunningham, Jacquet, Isabella) were introduced to the island. Significant reduction of

44
Q

How did phylloxera affect Madeira?

A

Tinta Negra displaced Verdelho for most planted grape. American hybrid grapes (Cunningham, Jacquet, Isabella) were introduced to the island. Significant reduction of ha planted. 3,000 down to 500.

45
Q

vi

A
46
Q

Sweetest to driest varietals in Madeira

A

Malvasia, BOal, Verdelho, Sercial.

47
Q

Which varietals in Madeira are the last to harvest?

A

Sercial and Verdelho. No skin contact

48
Q

Estufagem process

A

estufa is stainless steel vat wines are transferred to. Wine is warmed via hot water through serpentine coils inside the tank. Wine is heated to 113-122 degrees F. It is held this way for 3 months minimum. Sugars caramelize. 90 day rest period. Cask aging. Released 2 years after harvest minimum.

Most common method.

49
Q

Canteiro method

A

Used for best wines in Madeira. WInes are cask-aged for 2 years in lodge attics. Exposed to gentler natural warmth of the sun. No burnt caramelization of sugars. Bottled at a minimum of 3 years of age. Many will be in cask for 20 years or more. That style is called Frasqueiras

50
Q

Darkest madeira wine in color

A

Boal

51
Q

g/l of RS in Sercial Madeira

A

18-65 g/l

52
Q

Verdelho g/l RS

A

49-78 g/l

53
Q

Boal g/l RS

A

78-96 g/l

54
Q

Malmsey g/l RS

A

96-135

55
Q

Name the multi-vintage blended Madeira styles

A

Rainwater
Seleccionado: “finest” “choice” “Select” include blended wine that is at least 3 years old but below 5. Aged in tank
Reserva: 5- 10 years
Special reserve 10-15 years
Extra Reserve: 15-20
Solera: Fractional blending from Canteiro method. Often, producers refreshed soleras with stocks of older vintages to preserve the life of a chosen vintage.

56
Q

Colheita Madeira requirements

A

Produced from a single vintage (85% required) and is aged for 5 years minimum prior to bottling. May be blend or single varietal. “Vintage” madeira without the extended cask aging, complexity, or cost.

57
Q

Frasqueira Madeira requirements

A

20 years minimum in cask. Single “noble” variety production. May be topped up with younger wines since vintage requirement is 85%. Produced in the Canteiro method. This is the top Madeira

58
Q

Describe Vinho da Roda/Vinho da Torno/Vinho da Volta Madeira and name a notable producer

A

Wines that underwent an ocean journey across the equator. Shortridge Lawton

Advanced Sommelier 2022/2023 (11 decks)

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