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WSET 3 Specification Focus > Portugal > Flashcards

Portugal Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the overall climate of Portugal and the general exception?

A

Mostly maritime, but inland it can be hot, dry, and continental.

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2
Q

What is the major geographical influence in Portugal?

A

The Atlantic

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3
Q

What can mitigate the very high temperatures in some sub-regions of Portugal?

A

Altitude

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4
Q

What is the vintage variation like in Portugal?

A

The are large differences in average annual temperatures.

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5
Q

What is the largest Vinho Regional?

A

Alentejano

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6
Q

What is Alentejano based around?

A

Alentejo DOC

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7
Q

How is Alentejano different from Alentejo?

A

Alenejano is a Vinho Regional with more liberal regulations and the allowance to grow international varieties. Alentejo is a DOC that covers 8 sub-regions.

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8
Q

What is the growing season like in Alentejo DOC and what are the exceptions and resulting wine style?

A

Warm overall, with small climatic differences in its sub-regions that results in a range of wine styles

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9
Q

What is the style of wines from the cooler, wetter sub-regions of Alentejo?

A

More elegant

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10
Q

What is the style of wines from the hotter, drier sub-regions of Alentejo?

A

Richer

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11
Q

What are the traits of Alentejo red wines?

winemaking style + appearance + body + tannins + flavor characteristic

A 
Blends
deep color
full body
high, soft tannins
expressive ripe fruit
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12
Q

What are the white wines of Alentejo like, and what is the exception like?

(Main variety + style)

A

Arinto
Fresh, floral
Some: oak fermented and/or matured
-More depth and complexity

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13
Q

What is the climate in Vinho Verde and why?

A

Moderate Maritime

Proximity to the Atlantic

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14
Q

A) What is a major natural factor affecting Vinho Verde,
B) what problems does it cause,
C) what is generally done to mitigate it,
D) and what are the benefits of this change?

A

A) High annual rainfall
B) Excessive growth and fungal disease
C) Canopy management - Modernized away from traditional Pergola growing towards spur-pruning and VSP training
D) Airflow and ability to integrate mechanisation

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15
Q

What is the terrain like in Dao DOC?

A

Mountainous

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16
Q

Where are vineyards typically planted in Dao DOC?

A

On gentler slopes and hills around 200 to 400km altitude

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17
Q

What is the weather like in summer and winter + one other important natural factor in Dao DOC, and how do these things together affect its wines?

A

Cold, wet winters + dry summers
High diurnal range
Conditions for high quality wine grape growing

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18
Q

Which DOC of Portugal is described as “mountainous”?

A

Dao DOC

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19
Q

Which is the most important variety in Bairrada DOC?

A

Baga

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20
Q

What is the Baga grape like?

A

Small, thick-skinned, late ripening

21
Q

What is the climate of Bairrada and why?

A

Maritime - proximity to the Atlantic

22
Q

What is the seasonal weather like in Bairrada and what is an occasional weather issue there?

A

Rainy winters + warm summers

Sometimes it can rain around harvest time causing issues for late-ripening varieties

23
Q

What are the traits of wines made from Baga, including unripe vs later harvested grapes?

A

Deep color
High tannins
Unripe: High acidity, Astringent tannins
Riper: Softer with rich black fruit notes

24
Q

Which Portugese grape is late-ripening and small with thick skin, resulting in deeply colored highly tannic wines that can be high in acid and astringent when underripe, but softer with rich black fruit when riper?

A

Baga

25
Q

What is done to soften the wines made from Baga?

A

Gentler crushing and maceration

Blending with other black varieties

26
Q

What 3 varieties are important in Bairrada?

A

Baga, Touriga Nacional, and Alfrocheiro

27
Q

What is the oldest demarcated wine region in the world?

A

Douro DOC

28
Q

What variety makes the highest quality reds in Douro DOC?

A

Touriga Nacional

29
Q

What are the traits of red wines from Douro DOC?

appearance + body + tannin/character + 1 flavor/character

A

Deep color
Full body
Ripe tannins
Rich black fruit

30
Q

What are the traits of white wines from Douro DOC?

1 flavor characteristic + acidity/particular note

A

Fresh varietal fruit

Medium to high acidity - especially from higher altitudes

31
Q

What are the traits of the highest quality Touriga Nacional from the Douro?

(viticulture trait + color/flavor character + tannins)

A

Low yields
Intense color and flavor
High tannins

32
Q

What traits are often displayed by red wines from the Dao DOC?

(1 flavor/character + tannins + acidity)

A

Delicate red fruit
Soft tannins
High acidity

33
Q

Which 4 high-quality varieties have seen new plantings in the Dao DOC?

A

Touriga Nacional, Tinta Roriz, Jaen, and Alfrocheiro

34
Q

What is a name for Tinta Roriz outside Portugal?

A

Tempranillo

35
Q

What are two of Portugal’s alternate names for Tempranillo, and where is each used?

A

Tinta Roriz - in Dao DOC

Aragones - in Alentejo DOC

36
Q

What is the name for Jaen in Spain?

A

Mencia

37
Q

Which Portugese variety is the same as Spain’s Mencia?

A

Jaen

38
Q

What are the traits of Alfrocheiro wine?

appearance + characteristic + 2 flavors

A

Deep color
Intense aromas
Blackberry and Strawberry

39
Q

Which 3 varieties are popular in Alentejo and what is the typical winemaking style there?

A

Aragones, Trincadeira, and Alicante Bouschet

They are often blended

40
Q

What are the traits of the Trincadeira grape?

viticulture + 1 character/flavor + tannin

A

Drought-tolerant
Spicy red berry
High tannins

41
Q

What are the traits of Alicante Bouschet?

appearance + tannin

A

High color

High tannins

42
Q

What are the traits of red blends from Alentejo?

appearance + tannin/character + body + flavor character

A

Deep color
High yet soft tannins
Full body
Expressive ripe fruit

43
Q

What are the traits of Douro whites?

acidity + flavor character

A

Medium to high acidity

Fresh varietal fruit

44
Q

Which 3 varieties are important for Vinho Verde?

A

Loureiro, Arinto, and Alvarinho

45
Q

What are the traits of Vinho Verde whites?

appearance + acidity + alcohol/range/sweetness + special character of some

A 
Pale lemon color
High acidity
Low alcohol (8 to 11.5%)
Lower alcohol levels tend to be off-dry
Some have slight effervescence that add freshness
46
Q

What are the traits of Vinho Verde Alvarinho?

alcohol + flavor comparison to other Vinho Verde whites

A 
Medium alcohol (11.5 - 14%)
Riper, more tropical fruits
47
Q

What are the traits of Alentejo whites, and the most relevant variety?

(flavor/aroma character + acidity)

A

Fruity & floral
Medium to high acidity
Arinto

48
Q

What is sometimes done to Alentejo white wines to add depth and complexity?

A

Oak fermentation or maturation

WSET 3 Specification Focus (11 decks)

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