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Portugal Flashcards

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Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

How many IGP’s exist in Portugal?

A

14

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2
Q

List of regions in Portugal from north to south, with the two island regions at the end

A
  1. Minho
  2. Transmontano
  3. Duriense
  4. Terras de Cister
  5. Beira Atlântico
  6. Terras do Dão
  7. Terras da Beira
  8. Lisboa
  9. Tejo
  10. Península de Setúbal
  11. Alentejano
  12. Algarve
  13. Terras Madeirenses
  14. Açores
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3
Q

What are the two island regions of Portugal?

A
  1. Terras Madeirenses
  2. Açores
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4
Q

List of IGP’s in Portugal

A
  1. Minho
  2. Transmontano
  3. Duriense
  4. Terras do Dão
  5. Terras de Cister
  6. Terras da Beira
  7. Beira Atlântico
  8. Tejo
  9. Lisboa
  10. Alentejano
  11. Península de Setúbal
  12. Algarve
  13. Terras Madeirenses
  14. Açores
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5
Q

IGP wines must contain what percentage of grapes from a stated region?

A

85%

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6
Q

What does “garrafeira” mean?

A

“Private wine cellar”

If produced as a vintage-dated DOP or IGP, wines may be labeled garrafeira to indicate a minimum period of aging prior to release

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7
Q

Aging requirements for red wines labeled “garrafeira”

A

Minimum 30 months, including at least 12 months in bottle

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8
Q

Aging requirements for whites and rosados labeled “garrafeira”

A

Minimum 12 months with at least 6 months in bottle

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9
Q

What does reserva mean on a bottle of still Portugese table wine?

A

Indicates an alcohol content of at least 0.5% higher than the legal minimum established by the respective DOP or IGP; however, stricter requirements in individual DOP’s may supersede this standard

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10
Q

For traditional method sparkling wines, reserva indicates?

A

Indicates a minimum period of 12 months on the lees prior to disgorgement

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11
Q

What does Colheita Seleccionada mean?

A

Indicates a minimum 1% higher alcohol content than established by the regional appellation.

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12
Q

What does casta mean?

A

“Grape variety”

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13
Q

What is the most widely grown red grape variety in Portugal?

A

Castelão

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14
Q

Although not the most planted, what is arguably the finest red grape in Portugal?

A

Touriga Nacional

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15
Q

Two synonyms for Touriga Nacional in Portugal?

A
  1. Bical Tinto
  2. Mortágua Preto
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16
Q

Other important red grapes in Portugal?

A
  1. Alfrocheiro
  2. Trincadeira (Tinta Amarela)
  3. Baga
  4. Aragonez (Tinta Roriz, aka Tempranillo in Spain)
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17
Q

Jaen is a synonym for which grape?

A

Mencía

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18
Q

Tinta Amarela is a synonym for which grape?

A

Trincadeira

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19
Q

Aragonez is a synonym for which grape?

A

Tinta Roriz, aka Tempranillo

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20
Q

What is the most planted white grape in Portugal?

A

Fernão Pires

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21
Q

Fernão Pires is known as what in Bairrada?

A

Maria Gomes

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22
Q

Which region of Portugal is most closely associated with the Fernão Pires grape?

A

Bairrada

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23
Q

Which region of Portugal is most closely associated with the Encruzado grape?

A

Dão

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24
Q

Which region of Portugal is most closely associated with the Arinto grape?

A

Bucelas

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25
Q

Which region of Portugal is most closely associated with the Antão Vaz grape?

A

Alentejano

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26
Q

Which region of Portugal is most closely associated with the Alvarinho grape?

A

Vinho Verde

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27
Q

Sercial is known as what on mainland Portugal?

A

Esgana Cão

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28
Q

Name some important white grapes of Portugal

A
  1. Fernão Pires (Maria Gomes)
  2. Encruzado
  3. Arinto
  4. Antão Vaz
  5. Alvarinho
  6. Sercial (Esgana Cão)
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29
Q

What is the largest DOP in Portugal?

A

Vinho Verde DOP

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30
Q

Vinho Verde DOP shares exact geographical boundaries with which IGP?

A

Minho IGP

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31
Q

What is the climate of Vinho Verde/Minho?

A

Cool, rainy Atlantic-influenced climate with a damp growing season

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32
Q

What is the biggest viticultural threat in Vinho Verde/Minho?

A

Fungal diseases like grey rot, due to the damp climate

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33
Q

Define enforcado

A

Traditional vine training system in which vines were trained high off the ground (up the trunks of trees, telephone poles and stakes) to reduce the risk of fungal disease

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34
Q

Styles of wine produced in Vinho Verde?

A

Red, white and rosado

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35
Q

Which river divides Vinho Verde/Minho with the Spanish border?

A

Minho River

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36
Q

Four major rivers in Vinho Verde/Minho from north to south

A

Minho River

Lima River

Tamega River

Douro River

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37
Q

Which Spanish wine region borders Vinho Verde/Minho to the north?

A

Rías Baixas

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38
Q

Soil type of Vinho Verde/Minho

A

Shallow granitic soils

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39
Q

What is the most planted white grape of Vinho Verde?

A

Loureiro

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40
Q

Which grape is the primary component of traditional Vinho Verde blends?

A

Loureiro

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41
Q

Other important white grapes in Vinho Verde?

A

Trajadura (Treixadura)

Avesso

Pedernã (Arinto)

Alvarinho (Albariño)

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42
Q

Trajadura is the Portugese name for which grape?

A

Treixadura

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43
Q

Pedernã is the Portugese name for which grape?

A

Arinto

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44
Q

Alvarinho is the Portugese name for which grape?

A

Albariño

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45
Q

The town of Monção in northern Vinho Verde is located across the Minho River from which Spanish wine region?

A

Rías Baixas’ Condado do Tea region

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46
Q

In which sub region of Vinho Verde is Alvarinho bottled as a still and sparkling varietal wine?

A

Monção e Megaço

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47
Q

Name the subzones of Rías Baixas (9)

A

Monção e Melgaço

Lima

Cávado

Basto

Ave

Amarante

Sousa

Baião

Paiva

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48
Q

Important red grapes in Vinho Verde

A

Vinhão (a teinturier grape)

Espadeiro

Boraçal

Alvarelhão

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49
Q

A slight sparkle in a bottle of white wine from Vinho Verde is most likely the result of which process?

A

Carbon dioxide injection prior to bottling

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50
Q

Bottles of pétillant red wines from Vinho Verde get their sparkle from which process?

A

Malolactic fermentation in the bottle

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51
Q

In which Portugese IGP is the Trás-os-Montes DOP located?

A

Transmontano

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52
Q

Name the three non-contiguous subregions of the Trás-os-Montes DOP (Transmontano)

A
  1. Chaves
  2. Valpaços
  3. Planalto Mirandés
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53
Q

Important red grapes in the Trás-os-Montes DOP (Transmontano)

A
  1. Touriga Nacional
  2. Tinta Roriz
  3. Bastardo (Trousseau)
  4. Touriga Francesa
  5. Trincadeira
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54
Q

Important white grapes in the Trás-os-Montes DOP (Transmontano)

A
  1. Fernão Pires
  2. Síria
  3. Viosinho
  4. Gouveio
  5. Malvasia Fina
  6. Rabigato
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55
Q

Climate of Transmontano

A

Dry, hot and mountainous

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56
Q

Climate of Duriense IGP?

A

Continental

57
Q

DOP regions of Duriense?

A
  1. Douro DOP
  2. Porto DOP
58
Q

Name the two mountain ranges of the Douro River Valley

A

Marão and Montemuro Mountains

59
Q

What is the soil type of the Douro?

A

Schist

60
Q

What is the climate of the Douro Valley?

A

Continental, with severely hot summers (up to 125° F) and cold winters, when temperatures often dip below freezing

61
Q

Name the 3 subzones of the Douro DOP

A

West to East:

Baixa Corgo, Cima Corgo, Douro Superior

62
Q

What styles of wine are released under the Douro DOP?

A

Table wines (white, rosado, tinto, espumante), the occaisional licoroso (fortified) Moscatel do Douro and Colheita Tardia (late harvest)

63
Q

What is Moscatel do Douro?

A

A fortified wine (vinho licoroso) made from the Moscatel Galego grape

64
Q

Fortified Port from the Douro is released under which DOP?

A

Porto DOP

65
Q

Which sub region of the Douro touches Spain?

A

Douro Superior

66
Q

Most important red grapes of Douro DOP

A
  1. Touriga Nacional
  2. Touriga Franca
  3. Tinta Roriz
  4. Tinta Cão
  5. Tinta Barroca
67
Q

Most important white grapes of the Douro DOP

A
  1. Malvasia Fina
  2. Viosinho
  3. Rabigato
  4. Gouveio
68
Q

Reserva wines in the Douro require what minimum alcohol?

A

Whites/Rosados: 11.5%

Reds: 12%

69
Q

Aging requirements for Reserva wines in the Douro

A

Whites/Rosados: 6 months

Reds: 1 year

70
Q

What is Colheita Tardia?

A

Late harvest wines produced in the Douro DOP

71
Q

Type of ships used, historically, to transport Port from Cima Corgo to Porto?

A

Barco Rabelo ships

72
Q

What is Barca Vehla?

A

The first dry Douro table wine, released in 1952 by Ferreira

73
Q

Who produces Barca Vehla?

A

Ferreira

74
Q

Name some Port producers who are also at the forefront of table wine production

A

Niepoort, Quinta do Crasto, Ramos Pinto

75
Q

What is Quinta do Vale Meão?

A

A 270-acre Douro Superior estate which was formerly the primary source of fruit for Barca Vehla, and has now established itself as one the region’s young cult stars

76
Q

Name the DOP’s of Terras do Dão (2)

A
  1. Dão DOP
  2. Lafões DOP
77
Q

DOP’s of Beira Atlântico (1)

A

Bairrada DOP

78
Q

Bieras was divided into which 4 IGP’s?

A
  1. Terras do Dão
  2. Terras de Cister
  3. Terras da Beira
  4. Beira Atlântico
79
Q

2 DOP’s of Terras do Dão?

A
  1. Dão DOP
  2. Lafões DOP
80
Q

What is the only DOP of Beira Atlântico?

A

Bairrada DOP

81
Q

Sole DOP of Terras de Cister IGP? What style of wine is it most known for?

A

Távora do Sicó. Sparkling wine

82
Q

Sole DOP of Terras da Beira IGP?

A

Beira Interior DOP

83
Q

Three subzones of Beira Interior?

A
  1. Beira Castelo Rodrigo
  2. Cova da Beira
  3. Pinhel
84
Q

What is the most important grape in Dão DOP blends?

A

Touriga Nacional

85
Q

What is the climate of the Dão DOP?

A

The region is sheltered by 3 mountain ranges, protecting it from the harsh winds of the continental interior and the wet, cool maritime weather systems coming in from the coast. The region is hot and dry in the growing season but receives adequate rainfall in the winter months.

86
Q

Soil type of the Dão?

A

Granitic soils

87
Q

List the 7 subregions in the Dão:

A
  1. Serra da Estrela
  2. Alva
  3. Besteiros
  4. Castendo
  5. Silgueiros
  6. Terras de Azurara
  7. Terras de Senhorim
88
Q

Principal red grapes of the Dão?

A

Touriga Nacional, Touriga Franca, Jaen, Alfrocheiro, Aragonez, Bastardo, Rufete, Trincadeira, Tinta Cão

89
Q

Principal white grapes of the Dão?

A

Encruzado, Bical, Cercial

90
Q

What does garrafeira mean?

A

Minimum abv of 11.5%

Indicates minimum aging depending on the style of the wine

91
Q

Terms like garrafeira, reserva and nobre are used to indicate what?

A

Minimum aging requirements (varietal requirements apply for nobre only)

92
Q

What is the main grape of Bairrada DOP?

A

Baga

93
Q

Soil type of Bairrada DOP?

A

barros (clay): red wines

sandy soils: white wines

94
Q

Main white grapes of Bairrada DOP?

A

Maria Gomes, Arinto

95
Q

Bairrada DOP wines must require what percentage of the Baga grape?

A

Minimum 50%

96
Q

Which river meets the Atlantic Ocean in Lisboa?

A

Tagus River

97
Q

List of DOPs in Lisboa (9):

A
  1. Bucelas
  2. Colares
  3. Carcavelos
  4. Arruda
  5. Torres Vedras
  6. Alenquer
  7. Óbidos
  8. Lourinhã
  9. Encostas de Aire
98
Q

Which grape is used to produce aguardente in Lisboa?

A

Lourinhã

99
Q

Principal grape of Bucelas DOP?

A

Minimum 75% Arinto

100
Q

Main red and white grapes of Colares DOP?

A

Ramisco (red)

Malvasia (white)

101
Q

What is special about viticulture in Colares?

A

Vines in Colares grow in sand dunes. The vines are planted ungrafted, on their own roots, deep into the sand (the phylloxera bug cannot survive in sand).

102
Q

Colares is best known for which grape?

A

Ungrafted Ramisco (red)

103
Q

What is chao rija?

A

A second, harder soil type in Colares

Castelão is planted on this soil

104
Q

Why is the Carcavelos DOP in danger?

A

Only 25 ha remain due to urban sprawl

105
Q

Style of wine produced in Carcavelos DOP?

A

Fortified wines

106
Q

Red grapes of Carcavelos?

A

Combined minimum 75% Castelão and Preto Martinho

107
Q

White grapes of Carcavelos?

A

Blend of Arinto, Galego Dourado and Ratinho

108
Q

How are the fortified wines of Carcavelos DOP made?

A

The wines are fermented dry, then fortified and sweetened with vinho abafado, a partially fermented must preserved with alcohol. After fortification, Carcavelos wines are aged in barrel for at least two years, followed by at least six months in bottle.

109
Q

What is vinho abafado?

A

A partially fermented must preserved with alcohol, used in the production of the fortified wines of Carcavelos

110
Q

What are the 2 DOP zones of the Península de Setúbal IGP?

A
  1. Setúbal
  2. Palmela
111
Q

Península de Setúbal is surrounded by which bodies of water?

A

Tagus (Tejo) River estuary, Sado River estuary and the Atlantic Ocean

112
Q

What is the climate of Península de Setúbal?

A

Mediterranean

113
Q

Principal red grape of Palmela DOP?

A

Minimum 67% Castelão

114
Q

Principal white grapes of Palmela DOP?

A

Fernão Pires and Arinto

115
Q

What is torna viagem?

A

The process of maturation via a roundtrip across the Atlantic Ocean

116
Q

What styles of wine are produced in Setúbal DOP?

A

Sweet white wines

Red fortified wines

117
Q

Grapes of Setúbal?

A

Minimum 67% Moscatel de Setúbal (Muscat d’Alexandria) or Moscatel Roxo

Wines may be labeled by variety if either grape comprises 85% of the blend

118
Q

What gives Setúbal wines their particularly pungent, floral aromas?

A

Lengthy maceration on Muscat skins–up to 6 months–following fermentation and fortification

119
Q

How long are Setúbal wines aged?

A

Wines mature in large wooden casks for up to five years before release, although some are aged upwards of 20 years

120
Q

Who is the largest and most storied producer in Setúbal?

A

J. M. da Fonseca

In the company’s cellars are stocks of wine dating to the 19th century, some of which crossed the equator at sea

121
Q

River of Tejo?

A

Tagus, or Tejo, River

122
Q

What style of wine dominates production in Tejo?

A

Bulk wine

123
Q

Main white and red grape of Tejo?

A

Castelão (red) and Fernão Pires (white)

124
Q

Most important grape in Alentejo?

A

Trincadeira

125
Q

What other agricultural product is produced in Tejo?

A

Cork trees (Quercus Suber)

126
Q

Sole DOP in Tejo?

A

DoTejo DOP

127
Q

Sole DOP in Alentejo?

A

Alentejo DOP

128
Q

Where is Portalegre?

A

Subzone of Alentejo DOP

129
Q

Name the 4 DOP’s of Algarve?

A
  1. Lagos
  2. Lagoa
  3. Portimão
  4. Tavira
130
Q

Why is viticulture disappearing in Algarve?

A

Hot seaside climate

Resort tourism

131
Q

Main white and red grapes of Algarve?

A

Castelão and Tinta Negra Mole (reds)

Arinto and Síria (whites)

132
Q

Where is Açores (Azores)?

A

Volcanic islands located in the Atlantic Ocean, 1,000 miles from the coast of Portugal

133
Q

What style of wine is produced in the Pico DOP and Biscoitos DOP?

A

Fortified wines made from Verdelho, Arinto (Pedernã), Terrantez

134
Q

List the 3 DOP’s of Açores

A
  1. Biscoitos DOP
  2. Graciosa DOP
  3. Pico DOP
135
Q

Portugal has 2 winemaking regions that are UNESCO World Heritage Sites. What are they?

A

Douro

Pico Island (Azores)

136
Q

The Terras Madeirenses IGP encompasses which two islands?

A

Madeira and Porto Santo, the only two inhabited islands in the Madeira archipelago

137
Q

What are the 2 DOP zones of Madeira?

A
  1. Madeira DOP (fortified wines)
  2. Madeirense (unfortified wines)
138
Q
A

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