PORTLAND CEMENT Flashcards
is a type of cement that is used as the binding agent in concrete.
PORTLAND CEMENT
It is made
by heating limestone and clay to high temperatures in a kiln.
PORTLAND CEMENT
Portland cement was invented
in ______ by Englishman +______ and patented in ___The name comes from its
similarity to the stone quarried on the Isle of _______
1824
Joseph Aspdin
1825.
Portland, Dorset, England.
is one of the most widely used high-carbon cement in use today
because it has a large amount of silica
PORTLAND CEMENT
IN THE PORTLAND CEMENT, WHAT PERCENT DOES SILICA MAKES UP
13%
Portland
cement’s HIGH heat of hydration is a major reason why it is so widely used.
FALSE
helps to make Portland cement highly workable allowing it to be poured into
forms such as concrete and tile Portland Cement.
SILICA
IT IS WHEN Joseph Aspdin patented an
artificial cement by
calcination of limestone.
1824
WHEN DID Aspdin’s cement was
improved by his son
William, by vigorous
heating and using better
grinding equipment to
handle the hard clinker.
1843
In 1875 portland cement was produced by what company
Coplay
Cement Company of David
Saylor in Pennsylvania.
Production of portland cement
reached
400,000
tons
The
limestone version of PC is called
caliche
The clay version of PC is called
portland
The raw material that is commonly
used in the manufacturing of
portland cement mainly consists of
lime
silica
alumina
iron oxide
portland cement that is rich in calcium , such as
limestone, chalk,
calcareous
portland cement that is rich in silica , such as
clay
(argillaceous)
a large amount of cement was
made from argillaceous limestone,
known as
cement rock
Abbreviation for CO2 clinker compound
C’
Abbreviation for SO3
S^
Usual products for general construction.
TYPE 1
TYPES OF TYPE 1 PC
White
oil-well
quick-setting
contains less ferric oxide
white type 1
Use where moderate heat of hydration is required or for general
concrete construction exposed of moderate sulfate action.
TYPE 2
The
heat evolved from these cements IN TYPE 2 should not exceed ________ AND ____-
1/g after __ AND ___ days respectively
295 and 335
7 and 28
Made from raw materials with a lime- to-silica ratio higher than
that of Type I cement and are ground finer than Type I cements.
tYPE 3 hes
They contain a higher proportion of tricalcium silicate (CS) than
regular portland cements.
type 3
Roads
constructed from HES cement can be put into service sooner than
roads constructed from regular cement.t
true
contain a lower percentage of tricalcium silicate (C3S)and
tricalcium aluminate (C3A), thus lowering the heat evolution.
type 4
composition or processing resist sulfates better than other four
types. It is used when high sulfate resistance is required.
type 5-sulfate resisting pc
a special cement which has air bubbles introduced in the
cement or concrete that provides the space for expansion of
minute droplets of waters in the concrete due to freezing and
thawing and protects from cracks and damage of concrete
air entrainment
has the highest C3S
Type 3
a material which is not cementitious in itself but
becomes admixture with lime. It is with the
same strength with the Portland cement. Its
advantage is that it resists the corrosive action
of saline solutions and seawater much better.
pozzolans
manufactured by fusing a mixture of limestone
and bauxite. It is characterized by a very rapid
rate of development of strength and superior
resistance to seawater and sulfate-bearing
water.
high alumina cements
silica-filled, chemically setting silicate cements
withstand all concen- trations of inorganic acids
except hydrofluoric. They are not suitable at pH
values above or in the presence of crystal-
forming systems.
silicate cements
homogeneous plasticized filled sulfur ingots
possessing low coefficients of expansion. Sulfur
cements are resistant to nonoxidizing acids and
salts but should not be used in the presence of
alkalies, oils, greases, or solvents.
sulfur cements
usually contain
no portland cement.
polymer concrete
discovered by the French chemist Sorel and
sometimes called Sorel’s cement,
magnesium oxychloride cement
is the cheapest, most widely used alkali in
the world.
lime
usually gray, but it may also be white, yellow or
brown.
lime
a soft rock and is easily scratched.
lime
a lime composed principally of
calcium carbonate
calcite
a lime composed principally of double carbonate of calcium and magnesium
dolomite
It is commonly composed of tiny fossils, shell
fragments and other fossilized debris.
lime
colonial america used a _____ which is built of ordinary brick or masonry in the side of a hill,
with a coal or woodfire at the bottom and firing time of 72 hours.
dugout kilns
is the 5th most abundant element in the
Earth’s crust
Calcium
forms 20% of the
world’s sedimentary rock.
limestone or chalk
The Romans used ____________
mixtures in many construction projects.
hydraulic lime and lime pozzolan
referred to the use of lime for bleaching linen.
xenophon
Mediterranean pips were familiar with lime
as a
paint
Today, lime products are being used to restore
historical buildings back to their former glory, as well
as for constructing new build properties.
true
may be used for medicinal
purposes, insecticides, plant and animal
food, gas absorption, precipitation,
dehydration, and causticizing.
lime
It serves as a
basic raw material in the production of
calcium salts and for improving the quality
of certain soils.
lime
in chem usage ______ preferred as a starting material because of the high-
calcium lime that results.
pure limestone
CaCO3 >< CaO+CO2
Calcination
CaO+H2O.Ca(OH)2
Hydration
two types of kiln used to produce lime
rotary kiln
vertical kiln
a widely used industrial chemical. As a
marble chips, it is sold in many sizes as a
filler for artificial ston, for the neutralization
of acids, and for chicken grit. Marble dust is
employed in abrasives and in soaps.
calcium carbonate
Use as a
depilatory in
the tanning
industry and
cosmetics.
calcium sulfide
to lay dust on
highways and
to melt ice and
snow in winter
halide salts
use as
insectiside and
fungicide
calcium arsenate
The acetate was formerly pyrolyzed in large
amounts to produce acetone, but now it is
employed largely in the dyeing of textiles.
calciumm acetate
it is an intermediate
in the purification of fermentation lactic acid.
calcium lactate
is one of the most widely distributed elements,
occupying 1.9 percent of the earth’s crust.
magnesium
It occurs usually in
the chloride, silicate, hydrated oxide, sulfate, or carbonate, in
either a complex or in simple salts.
magnesium
first became available
commercially shortly before 1914, when the
Germans initiated production, using
magnesium chloride from the Stassfurt
deposits as the raw material
magnesium metal
important domestic sources of magnesium
salts
seawater. certain salt wells,
bitterns from sea brine, salines, dolomite,
and magnesite (MgCO3)
are used extensively for
refractories and insulating compounds, as well as
in the manufacture of rubber, printing inks,
pharmaceuticals, and toilet goods.mag
magnesium compound
employed as fillers
in inks, paints, and
varnishes.
magnesium carbonates
is formed on
heating magnesium
carbonate.
oxide
is made from
seawater.
hydroxide
prepared by the
action of sulfuric acid
on magnesium
carbonate or
hydroxide.
magnesium sulfate
made from
hydrochloric acid and
magnesium
hydroxide.
magnesium chloride
includes asbestos and
talc.
magnesium silicates
fibrous,
noncombustible
mineral.
asbestos
is found
naturally in soapstone.
talc
