PHOTOGRAPHY Flashcards
Photography came from the Greek word
PHOTOS AND GRAPHOS
PHOTOS MEANS?
LIGHT
GRAPHOS MEANS?
DRAWING
PHOTOGRAPHY IN GENERAL MEANS
DRAWING BY LIGHT
is the most common method humans have at
receiving and conveying impressions of the world they
exist in
VISION
The first recorded use of HISTORICAL LENS was
used for _________
image formation
The effect of light on
________ was known to the early alchemists
Silver salts
On 1819, who discovered the fixing properties of
thiosulfate, paving the way for permanent pictorial
productions
John Hershel
who released his formula to manufacture a familiar
daguerreotype
Louis Daguerre
who made the first photographic portrait
Dorothy Catherine Draper
who improved and perfected the “WET-COLLDION
PROCESS”
Archer
who discovered
the SUPERIOR GELLATIN process, which had been
preferred by the public
Maddox
who discovered that dye molecules absorbed on
the silver halides crystals greatly increased the
light sensitivity of these crystals
Vogel
who introduced TRANSPARENT
ROLL FILM and popularized the SNAP SHOT
George Eastman
who successfully reproduced images as negatives
on papers impregnated with silver salts
Thomas Wedgewood
when did the practical methods for producing motion pictures were
invented
19th century
used color-sentisized emulsions.
Hoescht Dye Works in Germany
when did Wratten panchromatic plates were introduced?
1906
what was discovered by Leo H.
Baekland in 1906?
Velox developing paper
in 1920, what were introduced and came into general use?
Portrait Film
projection printing
in 1928 what was introduced
natural color film
in 1941, what was introduced
amateur color prints
three major ways of amateur use
prints
home movies
small transparency
professional use examples
entertainment
education
sales
It is estimated that more than
6x10^9 still pictures per year or
about 85% in color - are made
by amateurs.
true
In home movies, color film has
completely displaced black and
white
true
-is the process of producing image by the action of
light or other radiant energy
photography
what are included as initiators in photography
ultraviolet and infrared light
light sensitive substances employed economically significant are?
silver halides
diazo compounds
amorphous selenium
organic photoconductors
zinc oxides
are widely used for medical use, x-rays, graphical arts, and engineering
drawings but are slower compared with SILVER HALLIDE films
Silverless films
-a new development that threatens to take over some of silver film
market
ELECTRONIC CAMERA
-uses VIDEOTAPE instead of FILM to produce image
electronic camera
employed as the sensitive substance in most widely used
photographic products
silver halides
has natural sensitivity to ultraviolet and blue radiation
silver halides
Sensitization to blue, green, and red is particularly important in the
representation of colors as shades of gray in black and white photography and
in their simulation in color photograph
true
consists essentially of an emulsion on a film
support of cellulose acetate, polyester, or
glass
films and plates
-composed of suspension of minute silver
halide crystals in gelatin
-suitably sensitized by the addition of certain
dyes
-antifogging agents, hardening agent
emulsion
fogging of the emulsion by light reflected into
it from the back surface of the film is called
halation
Its function is to chemically reduce the silver halide to
metallic silver in various points where light has
produced the latent image
Reducing Agent
Its function is to guard the developer against air
oxidation.
preservatives
Its function is to increase the alkalinity of the
developing solution, hence increase the activity of
most of the developing or reducing agents
accelerators
Its function is to control the speed of the developer
restrainers
Ammonia FIuxing with Caffeinol acts as
accelerator
caffeic acts as
reducing agent
The processing of black-and-white
photographic materials is concluded
by a wash in still water to remove
the silver halides solubized by the
fixing baths.
false (running water)
is based upon the principles that the colors of nature can be adequately
represented to the eye and brain by mixtures of BLUE, GREEN, and RED LIGHT
COLOR PHOTOGRAPHY
why use the compliments of blue, red, and green, which
are YELLOW, MAGENTA, and CYAN?
because The use of Blue, Green, Red beams or filters is difficult and wasteful of lightful
energy.
- controls blue ; permits green and red
yellow filter
- controls green ; permits blue and red
magenta
controls red ; permits blue and green
cyan
Dyes with properties suitable
for color photography are
produced when the
development is accomplished
by p-phenylenediamines in
the presence of an active
species called ____
COUPLER
Has introduced an instant color process that uses a negative working chemistry and reversal emulsion
kodak
are sensitive only to
wavelengths shorter than 500 nm.
Silver halides
sensitivity is
increased to 600 nm.
Orthochromatic Emulsion-
sensitivity is
increased to 700 nm.
Panchromatic Emulsion-
is used to prevent stray
light from reflecting back.
Intermediate layer
requires many layers of
emulsion.
Color Films
7 black and white film layers
Gelatin Anti-Halation Layer
Anti-Curl Backing
Adhesion Promotion Layer
Film Base
Adhesion Promotion Layer
Emulsion Layer
Gelatin Protective Coating
absorbs most of the light that would
otherwise be reflected back up
through the emulsion, scattering the
light and reducing sharpness in the
image.
Gelatin Anti-Halation Layer
prevent the tendency of the
film to curl when the emulsion
swells during processing
anti-curl backing
solid sheets of thermoplastic or partially
cured (B-staged) thermosetting polymers
that can be cut to size and generally used
to attach large-area components,
substrates, and lids
Adhesion Promotion Layer
a thermosetting resins with high
cohesive strength and excellent adhesion
to metals, ceramics, glass, rubber, and
some plastics. They are generally rigid
and have excellent chemical resistance.
B-Stage Epoxy Film
the layer of plastic that
supports the images, sound,
and other information
contained in the emulsion.
Film base
holds something in suspension. It is this
material in suspension that is sensitive to
radiation and forms the latent image on the
film.
emulsion layer
protecting the film from scratches during handling.
Gelatin Protective Coating
special applications of photography
-PHOTOMECHANICAL
REPRODUCTION FOR
ILLUSTRATIONS
-PHOTOCOPYING
-MICROFILMING
also referred to as PHOTOENGRAVING.
the raised portion of a plate
receives the ink for transference to
the paper.
LINE PLATES and HALFTONE PLATES are
used
relief printing
includes PHOTOGRAVURE, ROTOGRAVURE,
and METAL ENGRAVING.
reverse of the relief printing
procedure.
the hollow regions of the plate or
metal cylinder hold the tank
INTAGLIO PRINTING
-has the ability to amplify the effect
of light enormously.
-this method is extensively used in
the printing field.
-Kodak Photo Resist
introduced in 1954.
uses the cross-linking of a
PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION
uses photosensitive acrylic
plastics bonded to metal.
marketed in 1960
Dyeril Photopolymer Printing Plates
formed by the light-induced crosslinking of nylon has been
described in the literature
Photopolymer Printing Plate
first successful use of color to
create a three-dimensional effect
on a flat surface
Panography
a method dependent on the ability
of the ferric ions to be reduced
to ferrous ions.
.
blueprint process
cyanotype (positive blueprint)
uses a more radiation-sensitive
ferric mixture and processed in
a potassium ferricyanide
solution, yielding_________
Turnbull’s
blue color
In 1839, who experimented with
silver-halide-coated paper to copy
pages from books
Breyer
the first successful
document copying device not requiring
especially prepared originals,
invented in 1900.
Rectigraph-
the beginning of the revolution in
copying methods
Diffusion-transfer Reversal Process
image-forming process which
creates essentially full-sized
copies of the original
Diffusion-transfer Reversal Process
most widely used photocopying
technique invented by the Xerox
Company in 193
electrostatic Process
uses an electrically-charged zinc
oxide-coated paper.
Electrofax
the art of making
miniature photographs facsimliles of
original material.
brought revolution in microforms
MICROPHOTOGRAPHY
has a reduction of 12-22
diameter of the original.
MICROFILMS-
name applied to singlesheet forms of microfilms.
MICROFICHE
used for positive
copies
KALVAR FILM-
- stabilizes the
compound and the air sacs.
ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT
