Portfolio Concepts Flashcards

0
Q

Variance and stand dev of 2 asset portfolio

A

o^2 = w1^2o1^2 + w2^2o2^2 + 2w1w2p1,2o1o2

o = sqrt(o^2)

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1
Q

Expected return for 2 asset portfolio

A

E(Rp) = w1E(R1) + w2E(R2)

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2
Q

Calculate covariance

A

Cov(1,2) = p1,2o1o2

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3
Q

What is the minimum variance frontier

A

Expected return variance combinations of the set of portfolios that have minimum variance for every given expected return

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4
Q

Portfolios on the efficient frontier have the highest _________ at each given level of risk

A

Expected return

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5
Q

Why are min var and efficient frontiers unstable? What is effect

A

Exp returns, variances, covariances change over time

May lead to large portfolio weighting areas

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6
Q

What is portfolio diversification

A

Strategy of reducing risk by combining different types of assets into a portfolio

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7
Q

Diversification benefits increase with _____ and ______

A

Decreases correlations

Increased number of assets

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8
Q

Calc variance of equally weighted portfolio

A

O^2 = o^2 *((1 - p)/n + p)

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9
Q

Variance of an equally weighted portfolio approaches average covariance as n gets large; this means…

A
  1. Reducing risk via diversification can be achieved w/relatively few stocks
  2. Higher average correlation => fewer stocks needed to reduce risk
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10
Q

What is the capital allocation line

A

Line from risk free rate to tangency to efficient frontier

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11
Q

Where does best risky portfolio lie

A

Point of tangency between CAL and efficient frontier

When combined with risky asset, optimal reward to risk ratio

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12
Q

Sharpe ratio

A

o (std dev)

expected risk premium per unit risk

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13
Q

CAL equation

A

E(Rc) = Rf+(E(Rt) - Rf)*oc
———
o (std dev)

Combo of risk free asset and efficient asset

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14
Q

Things to remember about CAL

A
If risk free available, combine to risky portfolio to increase returns
Intercept = rf
Slope = Sharpe ratio 
Use to assess risk at target return
Diff asset expectations = diff CALs
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15
Q

Market portfolio is tangency portfolio CML equation:

A

E(Rc) = Rf+(E(Rm) - Rf)*oc
———
om (std dev)

Combo of risk free asset and efficient asset

16
Q

Differences between CAL and CML

A

Only one CML; unlimited CALs
Market portfolio uses market value weights
Tangency portfolio differs across investors
CML special case for CAL

17
Q

CAPM (Systematic market line)

A

E(Ri) = Rf + Bi(E(Rm) - Rf)

18
Q

Key differences between SML and CML

A

Systematic risk vs. standard deviation
(Non diversifiable vs. total risk)
Use to benchmark returns vs. asset allocation
CAPM vs. efficient frontier
Slope is Market risk premium vs. sharpe ratio

19
Q

How to calc beta

A

Beta = Oi * p(i,M)
—-
Om

20
Q

Market model (regression model used to estimate betas for common stocks

A

Ri = Ai + Bi*Rm + Ei

21
Q

What three predictions does market model make?

A
  1. E(Ri) = Ai + Bi*E(Rm)
  2. Oi^2 = Bi^2*Om^2 + Oe^2
  3. Cov(i,j) = BiBjOm^2
22
Q

Adjusted beta (to correct for beta instability)

A

Forecast B(i,t) = A0 + A1*B(i,t-1)

Blume assigns A0 = 1/3 and A1 = 2/3

23
Q

Difference between how macroeconomic, fundamental, and statistical factor models explain asset returns

A

Unexpected changes
Vs. returns from multiple firm-specific factors
Vs. determine which “factors” best explain on a cross section of securities

24
Unique features of Macroeconomic factor model
Sensitivities are regression slope estimates Macro factors surprises in variables Fewer factors that represent systematic risk Intercept = stocks expected return
25
Unique features of fundamental factor model
Sensitivities are calculated from attribute data Fundamental factors are rates of return estimated using multiple regression Detailed - large number of factors Intercept has no economic interpretation
26
What is Arbitrage pricing theory
Equilibrium asset pricing model with less restrictive assumptions Intercept = risk free rate Factors are actual risk premiums
27
Active return
Active return = portfolio return - benchmark return
28
Active risk
Active risk ^2 = active factor risk + active specific risk
29
Information ratio
IR = Rp - Rb --------- S S= active risk
30
What is a factor portfolio
Constructed w/sensitivity of one