Port COPY Flashcards
how many hectacres are authorized for Port production
26000
what is the vineyard classification scale?
A-F
A = >1200 B = 1001 to 1200 C = 801 to 1000 D = 601 to 800 E = 401 to 600 F = 201 to 400
How are vineyard classifications determined?
A combination of many factors, the most important being
Location Altitude Grape Variety Planted Slope Aspect
allowable training systems
Single Guyot,
Double Guyot,
Unilaterial Cordon,
Bilateral Cordon
predominant red grapes of port
Tinta Roriz Tinta Cao Tinta Francesca Touriga Nacional Touriga Franca
predominant white grapes of port
Malvasia Fina
Viosinho
Gouveio
Codega
best vintages of the 1940s
1945
1948
what vintage of named “The Ladies’ Vintage”
1950 (cool summer, restrained style)
who produces Quinta do Cavadinha
Warre’s
what are the single Quinta releases of Quinta do Noval
Quinta do Silval
Quinta do Noval
Quinta do Noval Nacional (technically a clos within the larger quinta do noval, with ungrafted vines)
who produces Quinta do Passdouro
Niepoort
what is the single quinta release of Messia
Quinta do Cacháo
what is the single quinta release of Kopke
Quinta do Sao Luiz
Dow’s single Quinta releases
Quinta do Bomfim
Senhora de Ribeira
who produces Quinta dos Malvedos
Graham’s
Stylistically, how would Graham’s differ from Warre’s
Graham is about power and fruit
Warre’s is about elegance and femininity
Stylistically, how would Croft differ from Taylor Fladgate
Croft is about exuberant fruits
Taylor is about elegance and acidity
The Tua river runs through what part of the Douro
The upper Cima
What is the name of Delaforce’s single quinta release
Quinta da Carte
When did the most recent Port house form
1981 (Churchill’s)
define “envelhicado em garrafa”
“matured in bottle”
LBV that receives an extra 3 years aging in bottle
maximum yields for red and white port
55 hl/ha
65 hl/ha
The port zone of production was first demarcated in what year
1756
who was responsible for the demaracation of the port zone of production
the marquis de pombal
what was the first vintage of Taylor Fladgate’s Vargalles
1958 (released in 1968)
who produces white chip port
Taylor
in relation to the making of port, what is “the cut”
during the foot treading, it is the first two hours where the stompers march side by side slowly and methodloically
How long would ferment for
approx 3-4 days
what are the 3 Quintas of Fonseca
Panascal (Tavara Valley)
Cruzeiro (Pinhao Valley) Santo Antonio (Pinhao Valley)
Who produces Quinta do Panascal
Fonseca
What is Croft’s top Quinta
Quinta do Roêda
what is the oldest port house
croft (1558)
On what day does Taylor Fladgate declare their vintage
April 23 (Saint George’s Day)
What year was Taylor Fladgate founded
1692
what is widely considered the vest vintage port of all time
Croft 1945
what is the minimum time in wood for a reserve tawny port without age indication
7 years
the grape Bastardo is more commonly known as what
Trousseau
Generally declared port vintages of the 21st century
2016 2011 2009 2007 2003 2000
maximum aging time in cask for vintage port
2.5 years
define lagrima
the sweetest style of white port
what are the three subregions west to east
baixas corgo
cima corgo
douro supieror
what was the importance of the Treaty of Methuen in 1703
agreement between portugal and england, allowing the cheap export of port to england in exchange for british textiles
In what year were farmers in the douro allowed to sell their wines directly, rather than having to age them in Villa Nova di Gaia
1978
how many cases of wine were sold in 2017
8.3 million
the portuguese term for the adding of brandy to fermenting must
beneficio
the sweetness scale of port wine
extra seco (17.5-40 g/l) seco (40-65 g/l) meio seco (65-85 g/l) doce (85-130 g/l) meio doce (130+ g/l)
what are the 5 tributaries of the Douro river valley
Pinhao Tavora Varosa Corgo Torto
generally declared vintages from 1963 to present
1963 1966 1970 1975 1977 1980 1983 1985 1992 1994 1997 2000 2003 2007 2009 2011 2016
What are the mountains that act as a rain shadow of the Douro
Marao + Montemuro
Régua is in what part of the douro
Baixas Corgo
What are the soil types of the Douro and what points would they.be awarded
Schistous soils (100)
Transitional (-100)
Granite (-250)
When was the classification system devised
1945-1949
Alvara Fonseca
What is the most widely planted grape in Douro
Touriga Franca
- crossing of mourisco and T Nacional
Positives of touriga franca
Likes heat Consistent yields Disease resistent Needs lower, southern facing vineyards Brings florality
What is the 2nd most planted grape in the douro
Tinta Roriz
Where would you want to plant Tinta Roriz
High altitude
Benefits of Tinta Roriz
Ripens early
Can be planted at altitude
Boca de Mina is another name for what grape
Tinta Barroca (became official name in the 1940s)
Benefits of Tinta Barroca
High sugar content
Does well on high altitude, north facing slopes
Tinta Amarela originally comes from what country
Tunesia
Tinta Amarela goes by what name in the Vinho Verde
Trincaderia
Tinta Amarela is mostly planted in what Douro subzone
Baixas Corgo
Mourisco was popular in the 19th century for what reason
Resistant to phylloxera
What are the five most planted grapes in the Douro
Touriga Franca Tinta Roriz Tinta Barroca Tinta Amarela Mourisco
Characteristics of Touriga Nacional
Deep colour Ageability of the wines Low yields Needs warm weather Needs dry weather Easily over ripens
The name of the dark skinned Malvasia grown in the Douro
Malvasia Preta
Malvasia Fina is better known as what
Boal
In what Quinta were the first Patamares constructed
Ramos Pintos Quinta de Bom Retiro
What is a drawback of the patamar system
It does not promote densely planted vines, promoting overly vigorous vine growth
Who owns Quinta de Seixo
Sandeman
Traditional terraces of the Douro
Socalcos
What is a talude
A steeply inclined ramp connecting patamares
Malvasia Rei is more commonly known as what
Palamino
What is the official name for Codega
Siria
What does Gouveio bring to the blend of a white port
Acid and aromatics
Offsets the fatter, fleshier Siria and Malvasia Fina
The average hectacre per grower
1.32
Define armazem
A wine store
Quinta da Foz de Temilobos is located where and who is it owned by
Eastern portion of Baixas Corgo
Owned by Delaforce
A rating
Who owns Quinta de Napoles
Niepoort (purchased in 1988, their first property in the Douro)
A rating
Located in Cima Corgo
Where is Quinta de Sao Luiz located
Cima Corgo
A rating
Owned by Kopke
what was the first great vintage of port
1775 (the first to use a cork and cylindrical bottle)
what was the first Quinta established in the Douro Superior
Quinta do Silho, established by the Ferreira family
when did the idea of declaring vintages take hold
the mid 19th century, with 1847, 1851, 1858, and 1863 being classic years. Port moved from being something enjoyed young to something one would age
what are “barcos rabelos”
the long Viking-inspired boats that carried port up and down the river
what is the importance of “the Galegos”
they were the Galicians who came to the Douro in search of work. They built many of the original socalcos that still stand today.
which house bottled a 1931 vintage port, despite the Great Depression
Quinta do Noval
What are the conditions that must be met in order to qualify as a port shipper
150,000 litres (roughly 275 pipes) of port keep in reserve
possession of a lodge in Villa Nova di Gaia
minimum baumé of must destined for port production
11 degrees
define “manta”
the cap that forms in a lagar
describe when a port would be fortified, and the ratio of brandy to must
once fermented to about 5-7% alcohol, fermentation is arrested. It is apprpximately a 1 in 5 ratio of brandy to must
common pH of port
3.6-3.7
Usually acidified
how is Pink Port made?
saignée
define “meia curtimenta”
in white port production, it is the blending of pressed juice w/ free run juice
the ratio of aguardente to wine
115 litres of aguardente to 435 of wine = 550 litre pipe
what is the ABV of the aguardente
77%
- considerably less than that of sherry or maderia
what year is referred to as the Schnapps Vintage
1904
Wine were fortified with a German potato-based spirit due to a local shortage
define geropigas
a very sweet wine (150 g/l+) made to use for later blending. kept in reserve, it may be blended in at some point to maintain a house’s style
define “port and lemon”
a classic english drink that combined ruby port and lemonade
define Leve Seco
a style of light white port fortified to 16.5%
define the “reserve” port category
it is a function of quality and not necessarily age, being inclusive to pretty much any style of port made.
can be thought of as premium ruby
must undergo tasting panel approval
examples include: Fonseca Bin 27, Graham’s Six Grapes
which houses have championed the idea of “bottle matured” LBV
Warre’s and Smith Woodhouse
define Crusted port
a blend of multuple vintages bottled after 2 years of wood aging. Similar to Vintage port in style but at a fraction f the price
characteristics of 10, 20, 30 and 40 year old tawny
10 year = red in centre w/ bricking at the edges, raisens, a bit of tannin
20 year = slightly sweeter due to concentration of sugars, nutty aromas, coffee, lighter in colour
30 year = pale mahogony in colour, distinct roasted coffee note, more rustic/volatile in flavour
40 year = marmalaide, orange peel, rancio characters, no primary fruit left
minimum oak aging for colheita port
7 years
worst vintage of the 21st century
2002 (rain at harvest caused rot and dilute wines)
David Guimaraens is the head winemaker for what port house
The Taylor Partnership
describe the 1993 vintage
possibly the worst in history, beset by a cool summer and rain at harvest
terrible vintages of port in the past 50 years
2002 1993 1981 1979 1973 1971
Best vintages of port in the past 70 years
2011 2003 2000 1994 1985 1970 1966 1955 1948 1945
in what year did regulations change, allowing port not be traded through the bonded warehouses of Vila Nova
1986
define the phrase “do you know the Bishop of Norwich”
in the factory house, it is used to gently remind people to continue passing the port along its clockwise rotation. Apparently, it is in reference to an old Bishop of Norwich who did not share his port.
what is official dividing line between Baixas and Cima Corgo
Covelinhas
what is the official dividing line between Cima Corgo and Douro Superior
Cachao de Valeira
when did autovinification come into the douro
1964 at Bomfim
quinta do Vesuvio is located in what part of the douro
D. Superior
stylistically, how do Bomfim and Senhora do Ribeira differ
Bomfim is heavier, darker, more chocolate
Senhora brings violet aromas and very low yields
What is a Tappit Hen
a bottle containing 2.25 litres of wine
Quinta do Tua belongs to who
Graham’s
What are Warre’s two quinta in the Cima Corgo
Cavadinha
Retiro
In what tributary valley is Smith Woodhouse located
Torta
what is the latest ripening grape in the Douro
Touriga Franca
Describe the Sousâo grape
red fleshed, adding colour and spicy qualities
What are the two prominent quinta of Cockburn
Canais (in the Douro Superior)
Vale Coelho
The Bico de Pato Vineyard is within what quinta
Canais
who produces quinta da corte
Delaforce
generally declared vintages of the 90s
1991,1994,1997
