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Port Flashcards

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1
Q

how many hectacres are authorized for Port production

A

26000

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2
Q

what is the vineyard classification scale?

A

A-F

A =  >1200
B = 1001 to 1200
C = 801 to 1000
D = 601 to 800
E = 401 to 600
F = 201 to 400
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3
Q

How are vineyard classifications determined?

A

A combination of many factors, the most important being

Location
Altitude
Grape Variety Planted
Slope
Aspect
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4
Q

allowable training systems

A

Single Guyot,
Double Guyot,
Unilaterial Cordon,
Bilateral Cordon

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5
Q

predominant red grapes of port

A 
Tinta Roriz
Tinta Cao
Tinta Francesca
Touriga Nacional
Touriga Franca
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6
Q

predominant white grapes of port

A

Malvasia Fina
Viosinho
Gouveio
Codega

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7
Q

best vintages of the 1940s

A

1945

1948

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8
Q

what vintage of named “The Ladies’ Vintage”

A

1950 (cool summer, restrained style)

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9
Q

who produces Quinta do Cavadinha

A

Warre’s

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10
Q

what are the single Quinta releases of Quinta do Noval

A

Quinta do Silval
Quinta do Noval
Quinta do Noval Nacional (technically a clos within the larger quinta do noval, with ungrafted vines)

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11
Q

who produces Quinta do Passdouro

A

Niepoort

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12
Q

what is the single quinta release of Messia

A

Quinta do Cacháo

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13
Q

what is the single quinta release of Kopke

A

Quinta do Sao Luiz

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14
Q

Dow’s single Quinta releases

A

Quinta do Bomfim

Senhora de Ribeira

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15
Q

who produces Quinta dos Malvedos

A

Graham’s

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16
Q

Stylistically, how would Graham’s differ from Warre’s

A

Graham is about power and fruit

Warre’s is about elegance and femininity

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17
Q

Stylistically, how would Croft differ from Taylor Fladgate

A

Croft is about exuberant fruits

Taylor is about elegance and acidity

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18
Q

The Tua river runs through what part of the Douro

A

The upper Cima

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19
Q

What is the name of Delaforce’s single quinta release

A

Quinta da Carte

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20
Q

When did the most recent Port house form

A

1981 (Churchill’s)

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21
Q

define “envelhicado em garrafa”

A

“matured in bottle”

LBV that receives an extra 3 years aging in bottle

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22
Q

maximum yields for red and white port

A

55 hl/ha

65 hl/ha

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23
Q

The port zone of production was first demarcated in what year

A

1756

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24
Q

who was responsible for the demaracation of the port zone of production

A

the marquis de pombal

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25
Q

what was the first vintage of Taylor Fladgate’s Vargalles

A

1958 (released in 1968)

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26
Q

who produces white chip port

A

Taylor

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27
Q

in relation to the making of port, what is “the cut”

A

during the foot treading, it is the first two hours where the stompers march side by side slowly and methodloically

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28
Q

How long would ferment for

A

approx 3-4 days

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29
Q

what are the 3 Quintas of Fonseca

A

Panascal (Tavara Valley)

Cruzeiro   (Pinhao Valley)         
Santo Antonio  (Pinhao Valley)
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30
Q

Who produces Quinta do Panascal

A

Fonseca

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31
Q

What is Croft’s top Quinta

A

Quinta do Roêda

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32
Q

what is the oldest port house

A

croft (1558)

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33
Q

On what day does Taylor Fladgate declare their vintage

A

April 23 (Saint George’s Day)

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34
Q

What year was Taylor Fladgate founded

A

1692

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35
Q

what is widely considered the vest vintage port of all time

A

Croft 1945

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36
Q

what is the minimum time in wood for a reserve tawny port without age indication

A

7 years

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37
Q

the grape Bastardo is more commonly known as what

A

Trousseau

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38
Q

Generally declared port vintages of the 21st century

A 
2016
2011
2009
2007
2003
2000
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39
Q

maximum aging time in cask for vintage port

A

2.5 years

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40
Q

define lagrima

A

the sweetest style of white port

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41
Q

what are the three subregions west to east

A

baixas corgo
cima corgo
douro supieror

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42
Q

what was the importance of the Treaty of Methuen in 1703

A

agreement between portugal and england, allowing the cheap export of port to england in exchange for british textiles

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43
Q

In what year were farmers in the douro allowed to sell their wines directly, rather than having to age them in Villa Nova di Gaia

A

1978

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44
Q

how many cases of wine were sold in 2017

A

8.3 million

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45
Q

the portuguese term for the adding of brandy to fermenting must

A

beneficio

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46
Q

the sweetness scale of port wine

A 
extra seco (17.5-40 g/l)
seco (40-65 g/l)
meio seco (65-85 g/l)
doce (85-130 g/l)
meio doce (130+ g/l)
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47
Q

what are the 5 tributaries of the Douro river valley

A 
Pinhao
Tavora
Varosa
Corgo
Torto
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48
Q

generally declared vintages from 1963 to present

A 
1963
1966
1970
1975
1977
1980
1983
1985
1992
1994
1997
2000
2003
2007
2009
2011
2016
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49
Q

What are the mountains that act as a rain shadow of the Douro

A

Marao + Montemuro

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50
Q

Régua is in what part of the douro

A

Baixas Corgo

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51
Q

What are the soil types of the Douro and what points would they.be awarded

A

Schistous soils (100)
Transitional (-100)
Granite (-250)

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52
Q

When was the classification system devised

A

1945-1949

Alvara Fonseca

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53
Q

What is the most widely planted grape in Douro

A

Touriga Franca

  • crossing of mourisco and T Nacional
54
Q

Positives of touriga franca

A 
Likes heat
Consistent yields 
Disease resistent 
Needs lower, southern facing vineyards
Brings florality
55
Q

What is the 2nd most planted grape in the douro

A

Tinta Roriz

56
Q

Where would you want to plant Tinta Roriz

A

High altitude

57
Q

Benefits of Tinta Roriz

A

Ripens early

Can be planted at altitude

58
Q

Boca de Mina is another name for what grape

A

Tinta Barroca (became official name in the 1940s)

59
Q

Benefits of Tinta Barroca

A

High sugar content

Does well on high altitude, north facing slopes

60
Q

Tinta Amarela originally comes from what country

A

Tunesia

61
Q

Tinta Amarela goes by what name in the Vinho Verde

A

Trincaderia

62
Q

Tinta Amarela is mostly planted in what Douro subzone

A

Baixas Corgo

63
Q

Mourisco was popular in the 19th century for what reason

A

Resistant to phylloxera

64
Q

What are the five most planted grapes in the Douro

A 
Touriga Franca
Tinta Roriz
Tinta Barroca
Tinta Amarela
Mourisco
65
Q

Characteristics of Touriga Nacional

A 
Deep colour
Ageability of the wines
Low yields
Needs warm weather 
Needs dry weather
Easily  over ripens
66
Q

The name of the dark skinned Malvasia grown in the Douro

A

Malvasia Preta

67
Q

Malvasia Fina is better known as what

A

Boal

68
Q

In what Quinta were the first Patamares constructed

A

Ramos Pintos Quinta de Bom Retiro

69
Q

What is a drawback of the patamar system

A

It does not promote densely planted vines, promoting overly vigorous vine growth

70
Q

Who owns Quinta de Seixo

A

Sandeman

71
Q

Traditional terraces of the Douro

A

Socalcos

72
Q

What is a talude

A

A steeply inclined ramp connecting patamares

73
Q

Malvasia Rei is more commonly known as what

A

Palamino

74
Q

What is the official name for Codega

A

Siria

75
Q

What does Gouveio bring to the blend of a white port

A

Acid and aromatics

Offsets the fatter, fleshier Siria and Malvasia Fina

76
Q

The average hectacre per grower

A

1.32

77
Q

Define armazem

A

A wine store

78
Q

Quinta da Foz de Temilobos is located where and who is it owned by

A

Eastern portion of Baixas Corgo
Owned by Delaforce
A rating

79
Q

Who owns Quinta de Napoles

A

Niepoort (purchased in 1988, their first property in the Douro)
A rating

Located in Cima Corgo

80
Q

Where is Quinta de Sao Luiz located

A

Cima Corgo

A rating
Owned by Kopke

81
Q

what was the first great vintage of port

A

1775 (the first to use a cork and cylindrical bottle)

82
Q

what was the first Quinta established in the Douro Superior

A

Quinta do Silho, established by the Ferreira family

83
Q

when did the idea of declaring vintages take hold

A

the mid 19th century, with 1847, 1851, 1858, and 1863 being classic years. Port moved from being something enjoyed young to something one would age

84
Q

what are “barcos rabelos”

A

the long Viking-inspired boats that carried port up and down the river

85
Q

what is the importance of “the Galegos”

A

they were the Galicians who came to the Douro in search of work. They built many of the original socalcos that still stand today.

86
Q

which house bottled a 1931 vintage port, despite the Great Depression

A

Quinta do Noval

87
Q

What are the conditions that must be met in order to qualify as a port shipper

A

150,000 litres (roughly 275 pipes) of port keep in reserve

possession of a lodge in Villa Nova di Gaia

88
Q

minimum baumé of must destined for port production

A

11 degrees

89
Q

define “manta”

A

the cap that forms in a lagar

90
Q

describe when a port would be fortified, and the ratio of brandy to must

A

once fermented to about 5-7% alcohol, fermentation is arrested. It is apprpximately a 1 in 5 ratio of brandy to must

91
Q

common pH of port

A

3.6-3.7

Usually acidified

92
Q

how is Pink Port made?

A

saignée

93
Q

define “meia curtimenta”

A

in white port production, it is the blending of pressed juice w/ free run juice

94
Q

the ratio of aguardente to wine

A

115 litres of aguardente to 435 of wine = 550 litre pipe

95
Q

what is the ABV of the aguardente

A

77%

- considerably less than that of sherry or maderia

96
Q

what year is referred to as the Schnapps Vintage

A

1904

Wine were fortified with a German potato-based spirit due to a local shortage

97
Q

define geropigas

A

a very sweet wine (150 g/l+) made to use for later blending. kept in reserve, it may be blended in at some point to maintain a house’s style

98
Q

define “port and lemon”

A

a classic english drink that combined ruby port and lemonade

99
Q

define Leve Seco

A

a style of light white port fortified to 16.5%

100
Q

define the “reserve” port category

A

it is a function of quality and not necessarily age, being inclusive to pretty much any style of port made.

can be thought of as premium ruby

must undergo tasting panel approval

examples include: Fonseca Bin 27, Graham’s Six Grapes

101
Q

which houses have championed the idea of “bottle matured” LBV

A

Warre’s and Smith Woodhouse

102
Q

define Crusted port

A

a blend of multuple vintages bottled after 2 years of wood aging. Similar to Vintage port in style but at a fraction f the price

103
Q

characteristics of 10, 20, 30 and 40 year old tawny

A

10 year = red in centre w/ bricking at the edges, raisens, a bit of tannin

20 year = slightly sweeter due to concentration of sugars, nutty aromas, coffee, lighter in colour

30 year = pale mahogony in colour, distinct roasted coffee note, more rustic/volatile in flavour

40 year = marmalaide, orange peel, rancio characters, no primary fruit left

104
Q

minimum oak aging for colheita port

A

7 years

105
Q

worst vintage of the 21st century

A

2002 (rain at harvest caused rot and dilute wines)

106
Q

David Guimaraens is the head winemaker for what port house

A

The Taylor Partnership

107
Q

describe the 1993 vintage

A

possibly the worst in history, beset by a cool summer and rain at harvest

108
Q

terrible vintages of port in the past 50 years

A 
2002
1993
1981
1979
1973
1971
109
Q

Best vintages of port in the past 70 years

A 
2011
2003
2000
1994
1985
1970
1966
1955
1948
1945
110
Q

in what year did regulations change, allowing port not be traded through the bonded warehouses of Vila Nova

A

1986

111
Q

define the phrase “do you know the Bishop of Norwich”

A

in the factory house, it is used to gently remind people to continue passing the port along its clockwise rotation. Apparently, it is in reference to an old Bishop of Norwich who did not share his port.

112
Q

what is official dividing line between Baixas and Cima Corgo

A

Covelinhas

113
Q

what is the official dividing line between Cima Corgo and Douro Superior

A

Cachao de Valeira

114
Q

when did autovinification come into the douro

A

1964 at Bomfim

115
Q

quinta do Vesuvio is located in what part of the douro

A

D. Superior

116
Q

stylistically, how do Bomfim and Senhora do Ribeira differ

A

Bomfim is heavier, darker, more chocolate

Senhora brings violet aromas and very low yields

117
Q

What is a Tappit Hen

A

a bottle containing 2.25 litres of wine

118
Q

Quinta do Tua belongs to who

A

Graham’s

119
Q

What are Warre’s two quinta in the Cima Corgo

A

Cavadinha

Retiro

120
Q

In what tributary valley is Smith Woodhouse located

A

Torta

121
Q

what is the latest ripening grape in the Douro

A

Touriga Franca

122
Q

Describe the Sousâo grape

A

red fleshed, adding colour and spicy qualities

123
Q

What are the two prominent quinta of Cockburn

A

Canais (in the Douro Superior)

Vale Coelho

124
Q

The Bico de Pato Vineyard is within what quinta

A

Canais

125
Q

who produces quinta da corte

A

Delaforce

126
Q

generally declared vintages of the 90s

A

1991,1994,1997

127
Q

what is the “lei do terco”

A

law of thirds, regulating that producers can only sell 1/3 of their stock in any given year

128
Q

min RS for all port

A

17.5

129
Q

how many bottles of port is in a Tappit Hen

A

3 bottles

2.25 litres

130
Q

what year was the douro first demarcated

A

1756

131
Q

what is a Hogget

A

a round bottomed decanter placed in a Plinth (holder) to the right of the host, and served going clockwise

Portugal CMS (4 decks)

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