Porifera Flashcards
Define monophyletic
(of a group of organisms) descended from a common evolutionary ancestor or ancestral group
Polyphiletic
two groups are put together that are not closely related, but are placed together because no common ancestor is known
Paraphyletic
mistake where you put one trait only in one family when it is shared with others, therefore related
Define collagen
Binding substance used to make to layers of cells hold together. Only found in the kingdom animalia
What is the evolutionary progression of symmetry
asymetric, radial, then bilateral symmetry
What makes sponges unique from other groups? (3)
- Asymetric body plan
- Cell with different functions, but no cell-to-cell communication
- No basement membrane
Define a choanocyte
a flagellated cell with a collar of ciliated protoplasm at the base of the flagellum, which line the internal chambers of sponges.
Sponges have totipotent cells. What does that mean
Capable of turning into different types of cells
The layer that choanocytes form in sponges are collectively reffered to as what
Choanoderm
What layer to pinacocytes form
Pinacoderm
What is the mesohyl in sponges
It holds provides binding capabiltiy that allow the pinacoderm and choanoderm to hold together. Also serves a role for containing other single celled oragainism that provide a variety of services.
What are pinacocytes
the flat outer cell layer of sponges
Define spongin
the horny or fibrous substance found in the skeleton of many sponges.
Name the three different types of sponge architecture
Asconoid, syconoid, and leuconoid
Asconoid architecture
Water is pulled into big cavity, pushed out through single osculum
Syconoid architecture
Water is filtered through point of entry at ostium, and then again when pushed through osculum
Leuconoid sponges
Water is quickly pumped through canals, enters small space filled with choanocytes. The water slows down, gets cleaned of nutrients, and then gets pumped through multiple chaonocyte chambers until released again
Most common sponge architecture
Leuconoid
Define totipotency
Cells capable of turning into different types of cells
What is an osculum?
An exit for water to flow out of
In syconoid architecture of sponges, where is water pumped through?
Incurrent pores
What is the most common architecture of sponges?
Leuconoid sponges
In sponges, what cells use totipotency to become sperm
Choanocytes
In sponges, what cells become eggs due to totipotency
Archeocytes
What are archocytes
Early precursors to other animal cells that dwell in the mesohyl of sponges. Also called amebocytes.
What is a gemuole?
The outside casing of a sponge
What are sclerocytes
Producers of spicules made of calcium carbonate or silica
